0. Create reduced dataset from raw data

1. Load data

load("schaare/bp_mood_prereg/data/ukb_bp_mood_prereg_v3.RData")

2.0 Recode factor levels and add meaningful labels (Biobank format)

2.0.1 Recode covariates

## Note: Using an external vector in selections is ambiguous.
## i Use `all_of(items)` instead of `items` to silence this message.
## i See <https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/faq-external-vector.html>.
## This message is displayed once per session.

2.1. Psychiatric Diagnosis

psychiatric diagnosis except for non-bipolar depression at initial assessment [http://biobank.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/crystal/field.cgi?id=20002]

## 
##                       No Bipolar or Depression 
##                                          89523 
##                             Bipolar I Disorder 
##                                            808 
##                            Bipolar II Disorder 
##                                            807 
##   Probable Recurrent major depression (severe) 
##                                           8901 
## Probable Recurrent major depression (moderate) 
##                                          15010 
##       Single Probable major depression episode 
##                                           7925

2.2. Neurological Disease

Stroke or any other neurological disease at initial assessment [http://biobank.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/crystal/field.cgi?id=6150, http://biobank.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/crystal/field.cgi?id=20002]

Stroke

## 
##      0      1 
## 368346   6681

2.3. Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease at initial assessment

Heart attack

## 
##      0      1 
## 363524  11503

Angina pectoris

## 
##      0      1 
## 358910  16117

Diagnosed CHD (angina (1074), heart attack/MI (1075), heart failure/pulmonary odema (1076))

## 
##      0      1 
## 352083  22944

Hypertension (at baseline and imaging visit)

## 
##      0      1 
## 365819 135745
## 
##    0    1 
## 8835 2834

2.4. Any Disease

Systemic diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal disease) or malignant disease at initial assessment [http://biobank.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/crystal/field.cgi?id=20002]

2.6. Apply exclusion criteria (if enabled)

2.7. Medication

get medication coding from ukbiobank website: http://biobank.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/crystal/coding.cgi?id=4

## `summarise()` ungrouping output (override with `.groups` argument)

## `summarise()` ungrouping output (override with `.groups` argument)

## `summarise()` ungrouping output (override with `.groups` argument)

Calculate scale scores

Plots and descriptives of main outcomes and predictors

## 
## Attaching package: 'scales'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:psych':
## 
##     alpha, rescale
## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
## 
##     discard
## The following object is masked from 'package:readr':
## 
##     col_factor
## Warning: Removed 454562 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

## Warning: Removed 454562 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).
## Time difference of 1619 days
## Time difference of 1579.028 days
## [1] 337.5848
## Time difference of 0 days
## Time difference of 2566 days
## Don't know how to automatically pick scale for object of type difftime. Defaulting to continuous.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## Warning: Removed 482150 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

## Time difference of 3356 days
## Time difference of 3261.404 days
## [1] 638.438
## Time difference of 1400 days
## Time difference of 5043 days
## Don't know how to automatically pick scale for object of type difftime. Defaulting to continuous.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## Warning: Removed 454561 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
X1 1 448931 1.401826 0.5277209 1.25 1.299903 0.37065 1 4 3 2.005639 4.926962 0.0007876
## Warning: Removed 53563 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
X1 1 44648 1.301391 0.4375702 1.25 1.210113 0.37065 1 4 3 2.354004 7.540166 0.0020708
## Warning: Removed 457846 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
X1 1 154345 2.764605 3.695646 2 2.013039 2.9652 0 27 27 2.379164 7.411442 0.0094068
## Warning: Removed 348149 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  ukb$depr_c.0 and ukb$depr_c.2
## t = 128.1, df = 42301, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  0.5217917 0.5355236
## sample estimates:
##       cor 
## 0.5286922
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
X1 1 172452 4.461741 0.5792737 4.5 4.479129 0.4942 1 6 5 -0.5352529 1.63152 0.0013949
## Warning: Removed 330042 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
X1 1 47562 4.625391 0.5393972 4.666667 4.631407 0.4942 1 6 5 -0.3619649 1.15853 0.0024733
## Warning: Removed 454932 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  ukb$wb.0 and ukb$wb.2
## t = 116.07, df = 16059, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  0.6669331 0.6837551
## sample estimates:
##      cor 
## 0.675432
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
X1 1 456954 137.7773 18.62592 136 136.8752 18.5325 65 253.5 188.5 0.5292734 0.4744969 0.0275538
## Warning: Removed 45540 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
X1 1 36664 138.7126 18.59578 137.5 137.9285 18.5325 76.5 240.5 164 0.468306 0.4052764 0.0971168
## Warning: Removed 465830 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
X1 1 456966 82.19748 10.12344 82 81.97181 10.3782 36.5 147.5 111 0.2556898 0.2053863 0.0149757
## Warning: Removed 45540 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
X1 1 36668 78.68684 10.0203 78.5 78.50261 9.6369 37.5 124.5 87 0.2014313 0.0821564 0.0523284
## Warning: Removed 465826 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

Descriptives

basic characterstics

## Warning in plotCI != "rect" || method %in% c("circle", "square"): 'length(x) = 4
## > 1' in coercion to 'logical(1)'

## Warning in plotCI != "rect" || method %in% c("circle", "square"): 'length(x) = 4
## > 1' in coercion to 'logical(1)'

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data
## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data
## Warning in chisq.test(table(y, droplevels(dscrp$high_bp.0))): Chi-squared
## approximation may be incorrect
No diagnosed HTN or unknown
(N=365819)
Diagnosed HTN
(N=135745)
P-value / Effect size Overall
(N=502494)
Gender
Female 206978 (56.6%) 65932 (48.6%) <0.001 273378 (54.4%)
Male 158841 (43.4%) 69813 (51.4%) 0.05 229115 (45.6%)
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.0%)
Age (years)
Mean (SD) 55.4 (8.18) 59.5 (7.09) <0.001 56.5 (8.10)
Median [Min, Max] 56.0 [38.0, 73.0] 61.0 [39.0, 72.0] 0.508 58.0 [37.0, 73.0]
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.0%)
Household income (£)
Prefer not to answer 35523 (9.7%) 14308 (10.5%) <0.001 49844 (9.9%)
Do not know 14353 (3.9%) 6938 (5.1%) 0.089 21304 (4.2%)
Less than 18,000 63105 (17.3%) 34067 (25.1%) 97196 (19.3%)
18,000 to 30,999 76534 (20.9%) 31635 (23.3%) 108174 (21.5%)
31,000 to 51,999 84504 (23.1%) 26265 (19.3%) 110771 (22.0%)
52,000 to 100,000 69329 (19.0%) 16933 (12.5%) 86263 (17.2%)
Greater than 100,000 18983 (5.2%) 3946 (2.9%) 22929 (4.6%)
Missing 3488 (1.0%) 1653 (1.2%) 6013 (1.2%)
Townsend deprivation index
Mean (SD) -1.38 (3.04) -1.07 (3.21) <0.001 -1.29 (3.10)
Median [Min, Max] -2.20 [-6.26, 11.0] -1.95 [-6.26, 10.9] 0.104 -2.14 [-6.26, 11.0]
Missing 446 (0.1%) 175 (0.1%) 624 (0.1%)
Ethnic background
Prefer not to answer 1210 (0.3%) 451 (0.3%) <0.001 1661 (0.3%)
Do not know 155 (0.0%) 61 (0.0%) 0.025 217 (0.0%)
White 398 (0.1%) 172 (0.1%) 570 (0.1%)
Mixed 37 (0.0%) 12 (0.0%) 49 (0.0%)
Asian or Asian British 37 (0.0%) 6 (0.0%) 43 (0.0%)
Black or Black British 17 (0.0%) 10 (0.0%) 27 (0.0%)
Chinese 1255 (0.3%) 318 (0.2%) 1574 (0.3%)
Other ethnic group 3344 (0.9%) 1213 (0.9%) 4558 (0.9%)
British 322841 (88.3%) 119719 (88.2%) 442575 (88.1%)
Irish 9698 (2.7%) 3507 (2.6%) 13207 (2.6%)
Any other white background 12525 (3.4%) 3805 (2.8%) 16332 (3.3%)
White and Black Caribbean 456 (0.1%) 164 (0.1%) 620 (0.1%)
White and Black African 318 (0.1%) 107 (0.1%) 425 (0.1%)
White and Asian 653 (0.2%) 178 (0.1%) 831 (0.2%)
Any other mixed background 811 (0.2%) 222 (0.2%) 1033 (0.2%)
Indian 4157 (1.1%) 1793 (1.3%) 5951 (1.2%)
Pakistani 1370 (0.4%) 463 (0.3%) 1837 (0.4%)
Bangladeshi 174 (0.0%) 62 (0.0%) 236 (0.0%)
Any other Asian background 1308 (0.4%) 506 (0.4%) 1815 (0.4%)
Caribbean 2850 (0.8%) 1667 (1.2%) 4517 (0.9%)
African 2126 (0.6%) 1265 (0.9%) 3394 (0.7%)
Any other Black background 79 (0.0%) 44 (0.0%) 123 (0.0%)
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 899 (0.2%)
Diabetes
Prefer not to answer 347 (0.1%) 57 (0.0%) <0.001 404 (0.1%)
Do not know 726 (0.2%) 554 (0.4%) 0.135 1280 (0.3%)
No 354961 (97.0%) 118518 (87.3%) 473479 (94.2%)
Yes 9785 (2.7%) 16614 (12.2%) 26399 (5.3%)
Missing 0 (0%) 2 (0.0%) 932 (0.2%)
Smoking
Prefer not to answer 1431 (0.4%) 624 (0.5%) <0.001 2057 (0.4%)
Never 205257 (56.1%) 68244 (50.3%) 0.047 273517 (54.4%)
Previous 119175 (32.6%) 53867 (39.7%) 173051 (34.4%)
Current 39956 (10.9%) 13010 (9.6%) 52977 (10.5%)
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 892 (0.2%)
Alcohol consumption
Prefer not to answer 440 (0.1%) 164 (0.1%) <0.001 604 (0.1%)
Daily or almost daily 72888 (19.9%) 28874 (21.3%) 0.036 101768 (20.3%)
Three or four times a week 86409 (23.6%) 29023 (21.4%) 115435 (23.0%)
Once or twice a week 96494 (26.4%) 32788 (24.2%) 129289 (25.7%)
One to three times a month 41491 (11.3%) 14363 (10.6%) 55855 (11.1%)
Special occasions only 40242 (11.0%) 17760 (13.1%) 58006 (11.5%)
Never 27855 (7.6%) 12773 (9.4%) 40639 (8.1%)
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 898 (0.2%)
Physical activity (minutes/week)
Mean (SD) 2700 (2730) 2510 (2660) <0.001 2650 (2710)
Median [Min, Max] 1820 [0, 19300] 1630 [0, 19300] 0.071 1770 [0, 19300]
Missing 69495 (19.0%) 29719 (21.9%) 100122 (19.9%)
Angina
No diagnosed angina or unknown 233569 (63.8%) 124955 (92.1%) <0.001 358910 (71.4%)
Diagnosed angina 6735 (1.8%) 9370 (6.9%) 0.06 16117 (3.2%)
Missing 125515 (34.3%) 1420 (1.0%) 127467 (25.4%)
Heart attack
No diagnosed heart attack or unknown 234891 (64.2%) 128249 (94.5%) <0.001 363524 (72.3%)
Diagnosed heart attack 5413 (1.5%) 6076 (4.5%) 0.039 11503 (2.3%)
Missing 125515 (34.3%) 1420 (1.0%) 127467 (25.4%)
Lifetime depression
No diagnosed depression or unknown 220783 (60.4%) 125778 (92.7%) <0.001 346919 (69.0%)
Diagnosed depression 19521 (5.3%) 8547 (6.3%) 0.02 28108 (5.6%)
Missing 125515 (34.3%) 1420 (1.0%) 127467 (25.4%)
Heart rate (beats/min)
Mean (SD) 68.7 (10.7) 70.9 (12.4) <0.001 69.3 (11.2)
Median [Min, Max] 68.0 [30.5, 173] 70.0 [30.5, 170] 0.192 68.5 [30.5, 173]
Missing 32387 (8.9%) 12732 (9.4%) 45528 (9.1%)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 134 (17.6) 147 (18.1) <0.001 138 (18.6)
Median [Min, Max] 133 [65.0, 253] 146 [79.0, 254] 0.725 136 [65.0, 254]
Missing 32394 (8.9%) 12737 (9.4%) 45540 (9.1%)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 80.7 (9.69) 86.2 (10.2) <0.001 82.2 (10.1)
Median [Min, Max] 80.5 [36.5, 140] 86.0 [43.5, 148] 0.56 82.0 [36.5, 148]
Missing 32387 (8.9%) 12732 (9.4%) 45528 (9.1%)
BMI (kg/m2)
Mean (SD) 26.7 (4.41) 29.4 (5.25) <0.001 27.4 (4.80)
Median [Min, Max] 26.1 [12.1, 69.0] 28.6 [13.8, 74.7] 0.584 26.7 [12.1, 74.7]
Missing 1780 (0.5%) 928 (0.7%) 3105 (0.6%)
No. antihypertensive medication
Mean (SD) 0.0842 (0.405) 1.26 (1.14) <0.001 0.403 (0.864)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 8.00] 1.00 [0, 9.00] 1.717 0 [0, 9.00]
No. antidepressant medication
Mean (SD) 0.0700 (0.266) 0.101 (0.318) <0.001 0.0784 (0.281)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 3.00] 0 [0, 5.00] 0.111 0 [0, 5.00]
Current depressive symptoms
Mean (SD) 1.39 (0.513) 1.44 (0.564) <0.001 1.40 (0.528)
Median [Min, Max] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 0.106 1.25 [1.00, 4.00]
Missing 36900 (10.1%) 15745 (11.6%) 53563 (10.7%)
Current depressive symptoms (2nd follow-up)
Mean (SD) 1.30 (0.434) 1.33 (0.452) <0.001 1.30 (0.438)
Median [Min, Max] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 0.07 1.25 [1.00, 4.00]
Missing 330122 (90.2%) 126806 (93.4%) 457846 (91.1%)
Well-being
Mean (SD) 4.48 (0.571) 4.41 (0.598) <0.001 4.46 (0.579)
Median [Min, Max] 4.50 [1.00, 6.00] 4.40 [1.00, 6.00] 0.133 4.50 [1.00, 6.00]
Missing 240332 (65.7%) 88780 (65.4%) 330042 (65.7%)
Well-being (2nd follow-up)
Mean (SD) 4.64 (0.538) 4.58 (0.543) <0.001 4.63 (0.539)
Median [Min, Max] 4.67 [1.00, 6.00] 4.60 [1.00, 6.00] 0.098 4.67 [1.00, 6.00]
Missing 327883 (89.6%) 126133 (92.9%) 454932 (90.5%)
PHQ-9 depressive symptoms (1st follow-up)
Mean (SD) 2.69 (3.61) 3.03 (3.97) <0.001 2.76 (3.70)
Median [Min, Max] 2.00 [0, 27.0] 2.00 [0, 27.0] 0.092 2.00 [0, 27.0]
Missing 245127 (67.0%) 102166 (75.3%) 348149 (69.3%)
Diagnosed hypertension
No diagnosed HTN or unknown 365819 (100%) 0 (0%) NA 365819 (72.8%)
Diagnosed HTN 0 (0%) 135745 (100%) NaN 135745 (27.0%)
P-value / Effect size 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 930 (0.2%)
## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data
## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data

## Warning in cohen.d.default(d, f, subject = subject, ...): Factor with multiple
## levels, using only the two actually present in data
## Warning in chisq.test(table(y, droplevels(dscrp$high_bp.0))): Chi-squared
## approximation may be incorrect
No diagnosed HTN or unknown
(N=365819)
Diagnosed HTN
(N=135745)
P-value / Effect size Overall
(N=502494)
Gender
Female 206978 (56.6%) 65932 (48.6%) <0.001 273378 (54.4%)
Male 158841 (43.4%) 69813 (51.4%) 0.05 229115 (45.6%)
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.0%)
Age (years)
Mean (SD) 55.4 (8.18) 59.5 (7.09) <0.001 56.5 (8.10)
Median [Min, Max] 56.0 [38.0, 73.0] 61.0 [39.0, 72.0] 0.508 58.0 [37.0, 73.0]
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.0%)
Townsend deprivation index
Mean (SD) -1.38 (3.04) -1.07 (3.21) <0.001 -1.29 (3.10)
Median [Min, Max] -2.20 [-6.26, 11.0] -1.95 [-6.26, 10.9] 0.104 -2.14 [-6.26, 11.0]
Missing 446 (0.1%) 175 (0.1%) 624 (0.1%)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 134 (17.6) 147 (18.1) <0.001 138 (18.6)
Median [Min, Max] 133 [65.0, 253] 146 [79.0, 254] 0.725 136 [65.0, 254]
Missing 32394 (8.9%) 12737 (9.4%) 45540 (9.1%)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 80.7 (9.69) 86.2 (10.2) <0.001 82.2 (10.1)
Median [Min, Max] 80.5 [36.5, 140] 86.0 [43.5, 148] 0.56 82.0 [36.5, 148]
Missing 32387 (8.9%) 12732 (9.4%) 45528 (9.1%)
Heart rate (beats/min)
Mean (SD) 68.7 (10.7) 70.9 (12.4) <0.001 69.3 (11.2)
Median [Min, Max] 68.0 [30.5, 173] 70.0 [30.5, 170] 0.192 68.5 [30.5, 173]
Missing 32387 (8.9%) 12732 (9.4%) 45528 (9.1%)
BMI (kg/m2)
Mean (SD) 26.7 (4.41) 29.4 (5.25) <0.001 27.4 (4.80)
Median [Min, Max] 26.1 [12.1, 69.0] 28.6 [13.8, 74.7] 0.584 26.7 [12.1, 74.7]
Missing 1780 (0.5%) 928 (0.7%) 3105 (0.6%)
Diabetes
Prefer not to answer 347 (0.1%) 57 (0.0%) <0.001 404 (0.1%)
Do not know 726 (0.2%) 554 (0.4%) 0.135 1280 (0.3%)
No 354961 (97.0%) 118518 (87.3%) 473479 (94.2%)
Yes 9785 (2.7%) 16614 (12.2%) 26399 (5.3%)
Missing 0 (0%) 2 (0.0%) 932 (0.2%)
Angina
No diagnosed angina or unknown 233569 (63.8%) 124955 (92.1%) <0.001 358910 (71.4%)
Diagnosed angina 6735 (1.8%) 9370 (6.9%) 0.06 16117 (3.2%)
Missing 125515 (34.3%) 1420 (1.0%) 127467 (25.4%)
Heart attack
No diagnosed heart attack or unknown 234891 (64.2%) 128249 (94.5%) <0.001 363524 (72.3%)
Diagnosed heart attack 5413 (1.5%) 6076 (4.5%) 0.039 11503 (2.3%)
Missing 125515 (34.3%) 1420 (1.0%) 127467 (25.4%)
Lifetime depression
No diagnosed depression or unknown 220783 (60.4%) 125778 (92.7%) <0.001 346919 (69.0%)
Diagnosed depression 19521 (5.3%) 8547 (6.3%) 0.02 28108 (5.6%)
Missing 125515 (34.3%) 1420 (1.0%) 127467 (25.4%)
No. antihypertensive medication
Mean (SD) 0.0842 (0.405) 1.26 (1.14) <0.001 0.403 (0.864)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 8.00] 1.00 [0, 9.00] 1.717 0 [0, 9.00]
No. antidepressant medication
Mean (SD) 0.0700 (0.266) 0.101 (0.318) <0.001 0.0784 (0.281)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 3.00] 0 [0, 5.00] 0.111 0 [0, 5.00]
Current depressive symptoms
Mean (SD) 1.39 (0.513) 1.44 (0.564) <0.001 1.40 (0.528)
Median [Min, Max] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 0.106 1.25 [1.00, 4.00]
Missing 36900 (10.1%) 15745 (11.6%) 53563 (10.7%)
Well-being
Mean (SD) 4.48 (0.571) 4.41 (0.598) <0.001 4.46 (0.579)
Median [Min, Max] 4.50 [1.00, 6.00] 4.40 [1.00, 6.00] 0.133 4.50 [1.00, 6.00]
Missing 240332 (65.7%) 88780 (65.4%) 330042 (65.7%)
Diagnosed hypertension
No diagnosed HTN or unknown 365819 (100%) 0 (0%) NA 365819 (72.8%)
Diagnosed HTN 0 (0%) 135745 (100%) NaN 135745 (27.0%)
P-value / Effect size 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 930 (0.2%)
No diagnosed HTN or unknown
(N=8835)
Diagnosed HTN
(N=2834)
Overall
(N=47933)
Gender
Female 4771 (54.0%) 1242 (43.8%) 24793 (51.7%)
Male 4064 (46.0%) 1592 (56.2%) 23140 (48.3%)
Age (years)
Mean (SD) 61.4 (7.59) 64.3 (6.88) 64.1 (7.70)
Median [Min, Max] 62.0 [44.0, 79.0] 65.0 [45.0, 79.0] 65.0 [44.0, 82.0]
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 133 (16.7) 145 (17.1) 139 (18.6)
Median [Min, Max] 132 [89.5, 213] 144 [76.5, 219] 138 [76.5, 241]
Missing 514 (5.8%) 153 (5.4%) 11269 (23.5%)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 77.5 (9.63) 82.7 (9.77) 78.7 (10.0)
Median [Min, Max] 77.0 [45.0, 119] 82.5 [46.5, 123] 78.5 [37.5, 125]
Missing 514 (5.8%) 153 (5.4%) 11265 (23.5%)
Current depressive symptoms (2nd follow-up)
Mean (SD) 1.30 (0.442) 1.32 (0.450) 1.30 (0.438)
Median [Min, Max] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00]
Missing 531 (6.0%) 174 (6.1%) 3285 (6.9%)
Well-being (2nd follow-up)
Mean (SD) 4.62 (0.546) 4.58 (0.543) 4.63 (0.539)
Median [Min, Max] 4.67 [1.75, 6.00] 4.60 [1.60, 6.00] 4.67 [1.00, 6.00]
Missing 4 (0.0%) 0 (0%) 371 (0.8%)
Diagnosed hypertension (2nd follow-up)
No diagnosed HTN or unknown 8835 (100%) 0 (0%) 8835 (18.4%)
Diagnosed HTN 0 (0%) 2834 (100%) 2834 (5.9%)
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 36264 (75.7%)

Label variables with meaningful names

## 
## Attaching package: 'expss'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stringr':
## 
##     fixed, regex
## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
## 
##     between, compute, contains, first, last, na_if, recode, vars
## The following objects are masked from 'package:purrr':
## 
##     keep, modify, modify_if, transpose, when
## The following objects are masked from 'package:tidyr':
## 
##     contains, nest
## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
## 
##     vars

additional characteristics

##                              
##                               Female   Male
##   No diagnosed HTN or unknown 206978 158841
##   Diagnosed HTN                65932  69813
##                              
##                               Prefer not to answer Do not know     No    Yes
##   No diagnosed HTN or unknown                  347         726 354961   9785
##   Diagnosed HTN                                 57         554 118518  16614
##                              
##                               No diagnosed angina or unknown Diagnosed angina
##   No diagnosed HTN or unknown                         233569             6735
##   Diagnosed HTN                                       124955             9370
##                              
##                               No diagnosed heart attack or unknown
##   No diagnosed HTN or unknown                               234891
##   Diagnosed HTN                                             128249
##                              
##                               Diagnosed heart attack
##   No diagnosed HTN or unknown                   5413
##   Diagnosed HTN                                 6076
##                              
##                               No diagnosed depression or unknown
##   No diagnosed HTN or unknown                             220783
##   Diagnosed HTN                                           125778
##                              
##                               Diagnosed depression
##   No diagnosed HTN or unknown                19521
##   Diagnosed HTN                               8547
## 
##       Prefer not to answer                Do not know 
##                       1661                        217 
##                      White                      Mixed 
##                        570                         49 
##     Asian or Asian British     Black or Black British 
##                         43                         27 
##                    Chinese         Other ethnic group 
##                       1574                       4558 
##                    British                      Irish 
##                     442575                      13207 
## Any other white background  White and Black Caribbean 
##                      16332                        620 
##    White and Black African            White and Asian 
##                        425                        831 
## Any other mixed background                     Indian 
##                       1033                       5951 
##                  Pakistani                Bangladeshi 
##                       1837                        236 
## Any other Asian background                  Caribbean 
##                       1815                       4517 
##                    African Any other Black background 
##                       3394                        123
## 
## Prefer not to answer          Do not know     Less than 18,000 
##                49844                21304                97196 
##     18,000 to 30,999     31,000 to 51,999    52,000 to 100,000 
##               108174               110771                86263 
## Greater than 100,000 
##                22929
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
X1 1 47933 64.06839 7.70439 65 64.18166 8.8956 44 82 38 -0.1339123 -0.8360349 0.0351901
Female
(N=24793)
Male
(N=23140)
Overall
(N=47933)
Gender
Female 24793 (100%) 0 (0%) 24793 (51.7%)
Male 0 (0%) 23140 (100%) 23140 (48.3%)
Age (years)
Mean (SD) 63.4 (7.56) 64.8 (7.79) 64.1 (7.70)
Median [Min, Max] 64.0 [45.0, 82.0] 66.0 [44.0, 82.0] 65.0 [44.0, 82.0]

Conceptual replication analyses:

with confounders (cf. Herrmann-Lingen et al.): age (f.21003), sex (f.31), history of CHD (angina), myocardial infarction (heartattack), diabetes (f.2443), depression (depr_l), BMI (f.21001), resting heart rate (mean_hr)

Cross-sectional regressions of Systolic Blood Pressure, Hypertension and Number of Antihypertensive Medications With Well-Being and Depressive Mood:

### prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0,
                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)

# define predictors and covariates
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0",
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0,
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0,
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))

# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.5356 -0.5959 -0.2749  0.3707  5.1654 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -7.828e-15  1.697e-03    0.00        1    
## f.21003.0.0   -1.690e-01  1.722e-03  -98.13   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -5.334e-02  1.728e-03  -30.86   <2e-16 ***
## angina.0       6.602e-02  1.821e-03   36.26   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  2.463e-02  1.816e-03   13.56   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0     3.176e-02  1.747e-03   18.18   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0       2.662e-01  1.707e-03  155.95   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    7.036e-02  1.753e-03   40.14   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      5.221e-02  1.740e-03   30.01   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9352 on 303762 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1254, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1254 
## F-statistic:  5446 on 8 and 303762 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit1 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit1)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.5083 -0.5955 -0.2715  0.3691  5.1697 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -7.980e-15  1.693e-03   0.000   1.0000    
## mean_sbp.0       -6.344e-02  1.913e-03 -33.170   <2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0         4.308e-02  2.228e-03  19.341   <2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -5.967e-03  2.371e-03  -2.516   0.0119 *  
## f.21003.0.0      -1.557e-01  1.844e-03 -84.438   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -4.713e-02  1.744e-03 -27.028   <2e-16 ***
## angina.0          6.286e-02  1.879e-03  33.456   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     2.185e-02  1.858e-03  11.757   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0        2.700e-02  1.771e-03  15.250   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0          2.641e-01  1.706e-03 154.831   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       7.226e-02  1.811e-03  39.905   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         5.432e-02  1.745e-03  31.131   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9332 on 303759 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1291, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1291 
## F-statistic:  4094 on 11 and 303759 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit1)
## Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'car':
##   method                          from
##   influence.merMod                lme4
##   cooks.distance.influence.merMod lme4
##   dfbeta.influence.merMod         lme4
##   dfbetas.influence.merMod        lme4
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.276043         1.730777         1.961524         1.185724 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.060559         1.231209         1.204684         1.093477 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.014951         1.143546         1.061880
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit1)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.00367564
### lifetime depression
outcome <- "depr_l.0"
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0") # without depr_l.0
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, depr_l.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0,
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -0.8716 -0.3453 -0.2680 -0.1781  3.7843 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    1.705e-14  1.703e-03   0.000  1.00000    
## f.21003.0.0   -7.543e-02  1.722e-03 -43.795  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -6.456e-02  1.730e-03 -37.315  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0       1.507e-02  1.828e-03   8.244  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0 -1.658e-03  1.824e-03  -0.909  0.36336    
## f.2443.0.0    -4.896e-03  1.750e-03  -2.797  0.00516 ** 
## f.21001.0.0    3.789e-02  1.756e-03  21.580  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      1.402e-02  1.744e-03   8.040 9.03e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9942 on 340892 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0116, Adjusted R-squared:  0.01158 
## F-statistic: 571.3 on 7 and 340892 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit2 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit2)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -0.9246 -0.3528 -0.2653 -0.1714  3.9399 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       1.713e-14  1.701e-03   0.000  1.00000    
## mean_sbp.0       -5.108e-02  1.915e-03 -26.672  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0        -8.755e-03  2.233e-03  -3.921 8.82e-05 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -6.485e-03  2.378e-03  -2.727  0.00639 ** 
## f.21003.0.0      -5.676e-02  1.848e-03 -30.720  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -5.693e-02  1.747e-03 -32.592  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0          1.493e-02  1.890e-03   7.898 2.85e-15 ***
## heartattack.0    -3.243e-03  1.866e-03  -1.738  0.08228 .  
## f.2443.0.0       -4.814e-03  1.775e-03  -2.712  0.00668 ** 
## f.21001.0.0       4.845e-02  1.815e-03  26.691  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         1.785e-02  1.750e-03  10.198  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9929 on 340889 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0142, Adjusted R-squared:  0.01417 
## F-statistic: 491.2 on 10 and 340889 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit2)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.268498         1.723945         1.955645         1.180631 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.055064         1.235423         1.204583         1.089335 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.139237         1.059392
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit2)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.00259916
### well-being
outcome <- "wb.0"
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", 
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.2972 -0.5988  0.0220  0.6339  4.1065 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    2.846e-16  2.656e-03   0.000        1    
## f.21003.0.0    1.886e-01  2.691e-03  70.079   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -2.475e-02  2.703e-03  -9.158   <2e-16 ***
## angina.0      -5.272e-02  2.825e-03 -18.663   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0 -2.639e-02  2.819e-03  -9.362   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0    -4.253e-02  2.731e-03 -15.575   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0      -1.673e-01  2.671e-03 -62.651   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0   -8.279e-02  2.741e-03 -30.205   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0     -4.938e-02  2.725e-03 -18.122   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.957 on 129867 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.08414,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.08409 
## F-statistic:  1491 on 8 and 129867 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit3 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit3)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.3564 -0.5941  0.0234  0.6315  4.0762 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       1.014e-16  2.650e-03   0.000   1.0000    
## mean_sbp.0        5.672e-02  2.987e-03  18.990   <2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0        -5.695e-02  3.504e-03 -16.254   <2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  7.425e-03  3.713e-03   2.000   0.0455 *  
## f.21003.0.0       1.787e-01  2.884e-03  61.979   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -2.769e-02  2.720e-03 -10.179   <2e-16 ***
## angina.0         -4.940e-02  2.911e-03 -16.967   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0    -2.379e-02  2.884e-03  -8.248   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0       -3.687e-02  2.766e-03 -13.331   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0         -1.658e-01  2.668e-03 -62.149   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -8.132e-02  2.836e-03 -28.679   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -4.986e-02  2.732e-03 -18.253   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.955 on 129864 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.08804,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.08796 
## F-statistic:  1140 on 11 and 129864 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit3)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.270374         1.747935         1.963056         1.184353 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.053750         1.207105         1.184366         1.089366 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.013835         1.144947         1.062592
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit3)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.003875323

Additional covariates

### prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0,
                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0, f.738.0.0, education.0, ethn.0, f.1200.0.0, f.54.0.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
dat$f.738.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.738.0.0)

# define predictors and covariates
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0",
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0", "f.738.0.0", "education.0", "ethn.0", "f.1200.0.0", "f.54.0.0")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0,
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0,
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0, f.738.0.0, education.0, ethn.0, f.1200.0.0, f.54.0.0))))

# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.9719 -0.5703 -0.2095  0.3641  5.6662 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error  t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    7.999e-15  1.814e-03    0.000        1    
## f.21003.0.0   -2.069e-01  1.916e-03 -107.960  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -1.307e-02  1.882e-03   -6.944 3.82e-12 ***
## angina.0       4.435e-02  1.934e-03   22.933  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  1.443e-02  1.928e-03    7.484 7.24e-14 ***
## f.2443.0.0     1.802e-02  1.869e-03    9.642  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0       2.471e-01  1.833e-03  134.821  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    5.525e-02  1.879e-03   29.402  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      4.116e-02  1.866e-03   22.060  < 2e-16 ***
## f.738.0.0     -8.314e-02  1.905e-03  -43.647  < 2e-16 ***
## education.0   -7.679e-03  1.821e-03   -4.218 2.47e-05 ***
## ethn.0        -5.942e-02  1.853e-03  -32.072  < 2e-16 ***
## f.1200.0.0     2.257e-01  1.845e-03  122.364  < 2e-16 ***
## f.54.0.0       1.364e-02  1.830e-03    7.451 9.31e-14 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9021 on 247257 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1863, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1862 
## F-statistic:  4354 on 13 and 247257 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit1_covs <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit1_covs)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.9525 -0.5700 -0.2087  0.3631  5.6092 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       8.146e-15  1.811e-03   0.000  1.00000    
## mean_sbp.0       -6.191e-02  2.064e-03 -30.001  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0         3.395e-02  2.403e-03  14.129  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -1.072e-02  2.515e-03  -4.262 2.03e-05 ***
## f.21003.0.0      -1.919e-01  2.039e-03 -94.121  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -5.749e-03  1.903e-03  -3.021  0.00252 ** 
## angina.0          4.285e-02  1.983e-03  21.608  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     1.278e-02  1.970e-03   6.484 8.95e-11 ***
## f.2443.0.0        1.501e-02  1.894e-03   7.923 2.33e-15 ***
## depr_l.0          2.448e-01  1.832e-03 133.637  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       6.028e-02  1.942e-03  31.039  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         4.396e-02  1.872e-03  23.481  < 2e-16 ***
## f.738.0.0        -8.417e-02  1.902e-03 -44.256  < 2e-16 ***
## education.0      -7.266e-03  1.817e-03  -3.999 6.38e-05 ***
## ethn.0           -5.870e-02  1.850e-03 -31.725  < 2e-16 ***
## f.1200.0.0        2.244e-01  1.842e-03 121.800  < 2e-16 ***
## f.54.0.0          1.285e-02  1.827e-03   7.032 2.04e-12 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9004 on 247254 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1894, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1893 
## F-statistic:  3610 on 16 and 247254 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit1_covs)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.298781         1.761064         1.929876         1.268104 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.104384         1.199361         1.184262         1.094040 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0        f.738.0.0 
##         1.023517         1.150286         1.068933         1.103389 
##      education.0           ethn.0       f.1200.0.0         f.54.0.0 
##         1.007142         1.044361         1.035100         1.018354
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit1_covs)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.003077418
### well-being
outcome <- "wb.0"
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0",
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0", "f.738.0.0", "education.0", "ethn.0", "f.1200.0.0", "f.54.0.0")
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0, f.738.0.0, education.0, ethn.0, f.1200.0.0, f.54.0.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.2106 -0.5850  0.0155  0.6068  4.6568 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    2.028e-14  2.856e-03   0.000        1    
## f.21003.0.0    2.123e-01  3.000e-03  70.765  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -6.538e-02  2.958e-03 -22.099  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0      -4.050e-02  3.019e-03 -13.413  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0 -2.023e-02  3.012e-03  -6.718 1.86e-11 ***
## f.2443.0.0    -3.095e-02  2.948e-03 -10.496  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0      -1.504e-01  2.885e-03 -52.148  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0   -7.592e-02  2.959e-03 -25.662  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0     -3.587e-02  2.940e-03 -12.200  < 2e-16 ***
## f.738.0.0      1.155e-01  2.986e-03  38.679  < 2e-16 ***
## education.0    2.945e-02  2.873e-03  10.249  < 2e-16 ***
## ethn.0         6.674e-02  2.975e-03  22.435  < 2e-16 ***
## f.1200.0.0    -1.730e-01  2.903e-03 -59.571  < 2e-16 ***
## f.54.0.0      -4.461e-02  2.911e-03 -15.325  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9306 on 106114 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1342, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1341 
## F-statistic:  1265 on 13 and 106114 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit3_covs <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit3_covs)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.1088 -0.5864  0.0157  0.6061  4.6478 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       1.903e-14  2.852e-03   0.000  1.00000    
## mean_sbp.0        5.506e-02  3.247e-03  16.954  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0        -4.470e-02  3.810e-03 -11.732  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  1.180e-02  3.974e-03   2.969  0.00299 ** 
## f.21003.0.0       2.005e-01  3.200e-03  62.658  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -6.972e-02  2.985e-03 -23.356  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0         -3.896e-02  3.095e-03 -12.589  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0    -1.881e-02  3.077e-03  -6.112 9.87e-10 ***
## f.2443.0.0       -2.727e-02  2.987e-03  -9.129  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0         -1.487e-01  2.884e-03 -51.561  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -7.812e-02  3.062e-03 -25.514  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -3.740e-02  2.950e-03 -12.677  < 2e-16 ***
## f.738.0.0         1.167e-01  2.983e-03  39.121  < 2e-16 ***
## education.0       2.910e-02  2.868e-03  10.144  < 2e-16 ***
## ethn.0            6.593e-02  2.974e-03  22.168  < 2e-16 ***
## f.1200.0.0       -1.715e-01  2.900e-03 -59.140  < 2e-16 ***
## f.54.0.0         -4.132e-02  2.912e-03 -14.191  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.929 on 106111 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.137,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.1369 
## F-statistic:  1053 on 16 and 106111 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit3_covs)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.296682         1.784806         1.941980         1.259425 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.095670         1.177631         1.164088         1.096978 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0        f.738.0.0 
##         1.022673         1.152672         1.070288         1.093875 
##      education.0           ethn.0       f.1200.0.0         f.54.0.0 
##         1.011713         1.087720         1.034231         1.042505
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit3_covs)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.002845747

Partcipants with hypertension diagnosis only:

# depressive mood
outcome <- c("depr_c.0")
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "htn_meds_count.0") # without high_bp.0
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")
d <- subset(dat, high_bp.0 > 0)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(d, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.5763 -0.5934 -0.2739  0.3661  5.0712 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -2.253e-15  2.842e-03    0.00        1    
## f.21003.0.0   -1.784e-01  2.888e-03  -61.77   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -5.130e-02  2.882e-03  -17.80   <2e-16 ***
## angina.0       8.343e-02  3.103e-03   26.89   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  3.616e-02  3.095e-03   11.68   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0     4.388e-02  2.935e-03   14.95   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0       2.569e-01  2.860e-03   89.83   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    7.722e-02  2.933e-03   26.33   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      4.372e-02  2.910e-03   15.03   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9306 on 107183 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1341, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1341 
## F-statistic:  2075 on 8 and 107183 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit1_htn <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit1_htn)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.4971 -0.5922 -0.2707  0.3663  5.0641 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -2.209e-15  2.838e-03   0.000        1    
## mean_sbp.0       -5.402e-02  2.939e-03 -18.381  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -1.536e-02  3.219e-03  -4.773 1.82e-06 ***
## f.21003.0.0      -1.661e-01  3.023e-03 -54.939  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -4.786e-02  2.884e-03 -16.595  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0          8.297e-02  3.161e-03  26.248  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     3.478e-02  3.118e-03  11.153  < 2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0        4.225e-02  2.971e-03  14.221  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0          2.541e-01  2.859e-03  88.884  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       7.895e-02  2.969e-03  26.590  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         4.445e-02  2.913e-03  15.263  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9291 on 107181 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1369, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1368 
## F-statistic:  1700 on 10 and 107181 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit1_htn)
##       mean_sbp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0         f.31.0.0 
##         1.072621         1.286750         1.134744         1.033030 
##         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0         depr_l.0 
##         1.240689         1.207259         1.095909         1.015154 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.094622         1.053455
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit1_htn)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.002740507
# well-being
outcome <- c("wb.0")
d <- subset(dat, high_bp.0 > 0)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(d, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, 
                                                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, 
                                                     f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.1229 -0.5807  0.0242  0.6263  4.1459 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -1.835e-15  4.449e-03   0.000    1.000    
## f.21003.0.0    2.109e-01  4.513e-03  46.733  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -5.778e-03  4.503e-03  -1.283    0.199    
## angina.0      -6.560e-02  4.823e-03 -13.603  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0 -3.832e-02  4.817e-03  -7.955 1.83e-15 ***
## f.2443.0.0    -5.953e-02  4.588e-03 -12.975  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0      -1.648e-01  4.475e-03 -36.823  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0   -8.539e-02  4.580e-03 -18.642  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0     -4.016e-02  4.553e-03  -8.822  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9472 on 45310 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.103,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.1029 
## F-statistic: 650.6 on 8 and 45310 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit3_htn <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit3_htn)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.0663 -0.5804  0.0242  0.6271  4.0929 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -1.849e-15  4.445e-03   0.000   1.0000    
## mean_sbp.0        4.123e-02  4.594e-03   8.975  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  1.010e-02  4.996e-03   2.023   0.0431 *  
## f.21003.0.0       2.017e-01  4.720e-03  42.734  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -7.267e-03  4.504e-03  -1.613   0.1066    
## angina.0         -6.488e-02  4.914e-03 -13.203  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0    -3.691e-02  4.855e-03  -7.603 2.94e-14 ***
## f.2443.0.0       -5.797e-02  4.642e-03 -12.487  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0         -1.630e-01  4.475e-03 -36.432  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -8.663e-02  4.644e-03 -18.653  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -4.089e-02  4.558e-03  -8.971  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9463 on 45308 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1046, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1044 
## F-statistic: 529.5 on 10 and 45308 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit3_htn)
##       mean_sbp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0         f.31.0.0 
##         1.067968         1.262875         1.127458         1.026405 
##         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0         depr_l.0 
##         1.221964         1.192767         1.090496         1.013380 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.091420         1.051155
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit3_htn)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.001566535

Longitudinal regressions of Systolic Blood Pressure, Hypertension and Number of Antihypertensive Medications With Well-Being and Depressive Mood

### prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.2, phq9.0, wb.2, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, 
                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0,
                     mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
# define predictors and covariates
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", 
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.2"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, depr_c.2, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.0654 -0.6084 -0.2905  0.3144  6.2910 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -9.022e-16  5.697e-03   0.000 1.000000    
## f.21003.0.0   -1.452e-01  5.777e-03 -25.137  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -6.443e-02  5.841e-03 -11.030  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0       3.390e-02  5.978e-03   5.671 1.43e-08 ***
## heartattack.0  1.959e-02  5.964e-03   3.285 0.001020 ** 
## f.2443.0.0     2.021e-02  5.799e-03   3.484 0.000494 ***
## depr_l.0       2.250e-01  5.726e-03  39.290  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    7.145e-02  5.886e-03  12.138  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      2.131e-02  5.866e-03   3.632 0.000281 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9536 on 28012 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09087,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.09061 
## F-statistic:   350 on 8 and 28012 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit4 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit4)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.0569 -0.6103 -0.2881  0.3128  6.2804 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -8.757e-16  5.692e-03   0.000 1.000000    
## mean_sbp.0       -4.223e-02  6.536e-03  -6.461 1.06e-10 ***
## high_bp.0         2.858e-02  7.624e-03   3.749 0.000178 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -6.313e-03  7.798e-03  -0.810 0.418209    
## f.21003.0.0      -1.363e-01  6.139e-03 -22.208  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -5.945e-02  5.929e-03 -10.027  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0          3.263e-02  6.135e-03   5.319 1.05e-07 ***
## heartattack.0     1.830e-02  6.079e-03   3.011 0.002608 ** 
## f.2443.0.0        1.802e-02  5.852e-03   3.080 0.002073 ** 
## depr_l.0          2.238e-01  5.727e-03  39.084  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       7.404e-02  6.095e-03  12.148  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         2.257e-02  5.888e-03   3.833 0.000127 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9529 on 28009 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09239,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.09204 
## F-statistic: 259.2 on 11 and 28009 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit4)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.318135         1.793580         1.876727         1.162943 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.084724         1.161448         1.140597         1.056760 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.012069         1.146360         1.069714
outcome <- "phq9.0"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, phq9.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit4)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.001427753
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.2912 -0.5844 -0.2694  0.2990  6.5961 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    8.293e-15  2.973e-03   0.000        1    
## f.21003.0.0   -1.590e-01  3.013e-03 -52.793  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -7.456e-02  3.044e-03 -24.494  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0       4.074e-02  3.137e-03  12.988  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  1.441e-02  3.133e-03   4.597 4.28e-06 ***
## f.2443.0.0     2.014e-02  3.034e-03   6.640 3.16e-11 ***
## depr_l.0       1.981e-01  2.991e-03  66.245  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    1.260e-01  3.074e-03  40.978  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      2.968e-02  3.052e-03   9.725  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9499 on 102081 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09775,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.09768 
## F-statistic:  1382 on 8 and 102081 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit5 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit5)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.2963 -0.5836 -0.2668  0.3005  6.5874 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       8.351e-15  2.969e-03   0.000 1.000000    
## mean_sbp.0       -4.906e-02  3.398e-03 -14.440  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0         3.338e-02  3.989e-03   8.367  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -5.005e-03  4.134e-03  -1.211 0.226032    
## f.21003.0.0      -1.490e-01  3.216e-03 -46.351  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -6.944e-02  3.081e-03 -22.536  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0          3.884e-02  3.215e-03  12.080  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     1.245e-02  3.202e-03   3.889 0.000101 ***
## f.2443.0.0        1.712e-02  3.069e-03   5.578 2.44e-08 ***
## depr_l.0          1.967e-01  2.991e-03  65.784  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       1.285e-01  3.180e-03  40.413  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         3.171e-02  3.065e-03  10.347  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9488 on 102078 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09988,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.09978 
## F-statistic:  1030 on 11 and 102078 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit5)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.309274         1.804663         1.937863         1.172561 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.076603         1.172513         1.162484         1.068389 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.014360         1.146448         1.065060
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit5)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.002102968
### well-being
outcome <- "wb.2"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, wb.2, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.4249 -0.6318  0.0287  0.6286  3.4569 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.455e-16  5.619e-03   0.000   1.0000    
## f.21003.0.0    1.573e-01  5.697e-03  27.604  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -7.129e-03  5.762e-03  -1.237   0.2161    
## angina.0      -3.474e-02  5.913e-03  -5.875 4.26e-09 ***
## heartattack.0 -1.158e-02  5.901e-03  -1.962   0.0498 *  
## f.2443.0.0    -2.854e-02  5.719e-03  -4.991 6.06e-07 ***
## depr_l.0      -1.347e-01  5.647e-03 -23.853  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0   -7.274e-02  5.808e-03 -12.525  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0     -2.427e-02  5.786e-03  -4.194 2.75e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9727 on 29957 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05411,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.05385 
## F-statistic: 214.2 on 8 and 29957 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit6 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit6)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.4182 -0.6316  0.0287  0.6275  3.4969 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       3.763e-16  5.615e-03   0.000   1.0000    
## mean_sbp.0        3.288e-02  6.441e-03   5.105 3.33e-07 ***
## high_bp.0        -3.195e-02  7.518e-03  -4.250 2.14e-05 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -3.817e-03  7.698e-03  -0.496   0.6200    
## f.21003.0.0       1.534e-01  6.054e-03  25.337  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -9.866e-03  5.848e-03  -1.687   0.0916 .  
## angina.0         -3.167e-02  6.075e-03  -5.213 1.87e-07 ***
## heartattack.0    -9.083e-03  6.009e-03  -1.511   0.1307    
## f.2443.0.0       -2.507e-02  5.772e-03  -4.344 1.40e-05 ***
## depr_l.0         -1.340e-01  5.649e-03 -23.730  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -7.117e-02  6.014e-03 -11.836  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -2.477e-02  5.808e-03  -4.265 2.00e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.972 on 29954 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05554,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.05519 
## F-statistic: 160.1 on 11 and 29954 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit6)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.315928         1.792629         1.879275         1.162289 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.084812         1.170576         1.145324         1.056598 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.011970         1.146927         1.069926
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit6)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.001336895

Sensitivity analyses

HTN medication effects

# HTN meds
### prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, htnmeds_ctgry.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                     depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
# define predictors and covariates
predictors <- "htnmeds_ctgry.0"
covs <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0","f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", 
          "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Current depressive symptoms 
## VALUES:
## -0.6808, -0.40244, -0.18057, 0.28654, 2.67797
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                     Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)                                        1.4538043  0.0579872  25.071
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor                      -0.0513693  0.0581445  -0.883
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + diuretic            0.0241368  0.1116293   0.216
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + thiazid            -0.1317704  0.0714862  -1.843
## htnmeds_ctgry.0aldosteron antagonist               0.1489734  0.0824607   1.807
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha1 blocker                     -0.0219116  0.0594285  -0.369
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha2 agonist                      0.1141568  0.0621538   1.837
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker                        -0.0339360  0.0583408  -0.582
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker + thiazid              -0.0329306  0.0629540  -0.523
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta and alpha1 blocker            -0.0788043  0.0953481  -0.826
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker                        0.0096569  0.0580999   0.166
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker + thiazid              0.0150455  0.0659611   0.228
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist                 -0.0232343  0.0580903  -0.400
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist + ace inhibitor -0.2332161  0.1468322  -1.588
## htnmeds_ctgry.0diuretic                           -0.0155355  0.0602856  -0.258
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic                       0.2028040  0.0595753   3.404
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic + diuretic            0.0177866  0.1019473   0.174
## htnmeds_ctgry.0nitrate                             0.2269992  0.0603219   3.763
## htnmeds_ctgry.0no agonist                         -0.0430901  0.1200450  -0.359
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase3 inhibitor       -0.0006793  0.1506553  -0.005
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase5 inhibitor       -0.0319686  0.0601816  -0.531
## htnmeds_ctgry.0synthetic amino acid                0.0640528  0.1595590   0.401
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide                           -0.0618593  0.0581317  -1.064
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide + other diuretic          -0.0022278  0.0689637  -0.032
##                                                   Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                        < 2e-16 ***
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor                      0.376981    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + diuretic           0.828814    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + thiazid            0.065288 .  
## htnmeds_ctgry.0aldosteron antagonist              0.070828 .  
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha1 blocker                     0.712349    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha2 agonist                     0.066259 .  
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker                        0.560780    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker + thiazid              0.600913    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta and alpha1 blocker            0.408528    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker                       0.867990    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker + thiazid             0.819572    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist                 0.689181    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist + ace inhibitor 0.112218    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0diuretic                           0.796641    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic                      0.000664 ***
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic + diuretic           0.861498    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0nitrate                            0.000168 ***
## htnmeds_ctgry.0no agonist                         0.719634    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase3 inhibitor       0.996402    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase5 inhibitor       0.595279    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0synthetic amino acid               0.688100    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide                           0.287275    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide + other diuretic          0.974230    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.5562 on 101560 degrees of freedom
##   (400910 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.007579,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.007355 
## F-statistic: 33.72 on 23 and 101560 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with covariates
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit7 <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit7)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Current depressive symptoms 
## VALUES:
## -1.4616, -0.3264, -0.15088, 0.20093, 2.86178
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                     Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)                                        1.967e+00  6.415e-02  30.665
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor                      -6.654e-02  5.793e-02  -1.148
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + diuretic            2.717e-02  1.088e-01   0.250
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + thiazid            -1.096e-01  7.027e-02  -1.560
## htnmeds_ctgry.0aldosteron antagonist               6.853e-02  8.287e-02   0.827
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha1 blocker                     -2.389e-02  5.917e-02  -0.404
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha2 agonist                      2.392e-02  6.231e-02   0.384
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker                        -4.773e-02  5.812e-02  -0.821
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker + thiazid              -4.737e-02  6.247e-02  -0.758
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta and alpha1 blocker            -1.036e-01  9.401e-02  -1.102
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker                       -1.197e-02  5.795e-02  -0.207
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker + thiazid             -4.978e-04  6.551e-02  -0.008
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist                 -3.490e-02  5.792e-02  -0.603
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist + ace inhibitor -2.158e-01  1.446e-01  -1.492
## htnmeds_ctgry.0diuretic                           -3.919e-02  5.996e-02  -0.654
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic                       1.005e-01  5.946e-02   1.690
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic + diuretic           -7.705e-02  9.972e-02  -0.773
## htnmeds_ctgry.0nitrate                             8.222e-02  6.031e-02   1.363
## htnmeds_ctgry.0no agonist                         -8.116e-02  1.218e-01  -0.667
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase3 inhibitor       -2.839e-03  1.447e-01  -0.020
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase5 inhibitor        4.021e-02  6.036e-02   0.666
## htnmeds_ctgry.0synthetic amino acid               -9.589e-02  1.592e-01  -0.602
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide                           -6.815e-02  5.796e-02  -1.176
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide + other diuretic          -4.798e-02  6.873e-02  -0.698
## mean_sbp.0                                        -1.441e-03  9.958e-05 -14.474
## high_bp.0                                          9.556e-03  5.274e-03   1.812
## htn_meds_count.0                                   8.303e-03  2.228e-03   3.726
## f.21003.0.0                                       -1.408e-02  2.768e-04 -50.846
## f.31.0.0                                          -6.847e-02  3.586e-03 -19.093
## angina.0                                           1.461e-01  6.031e-03  24.216
## heartattack.0                                      4.412e-02  6.749e-03   6.537
## f.2443.0.0                                         6.270e-02  4.863e-03  12.892
## depr_l.0                                           5.874e-01  7.114e-03  82.577
## f.21001.0.0                                        8.036e-03  3.441e-04  23.351
## mean_hr.0                                          2.202e-03  1.469e-04  14.994
##                                                   Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                        < 2e-16 ***
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor                      0.250770    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + diuretic           0.802845    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + thiazid            0.118694    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0aldosteron antagonist              0.408257    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha1 blocker                     0.686376    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha2 agonist                     0.701031    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker                        0.411527    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker + thiazid              0.448258    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta and alpha1 blocker            0.270263    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker                       0.836385    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker + thiazid             0.993937    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist                 0.546824    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist + ace inhibitor 0.135708    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0diuretic                           0.513392    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic                      0.090992 .  
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic + diuretic           0.439765    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0nitrate                            0.172836    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0no agonist                         0.505031    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase3 inhibitor       0.984344    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase5 inhibitor       0.505278    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0synthetic amino acid               0.546846    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide                           0.239685    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide + other diuretic          0.485099    
## mean_sbp.0                                         < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0                                         0.069980 .  
## htn_meds_count.0                                  0.000195 ***
## f.21003.0.0                                        < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                                           < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0                                           < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0                                     6.31e-11 ***
## f.2443.0.0                                         < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0                                           < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0                                        < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0                                          < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.5135 on 90965 degrees of freedom
##   (411494 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1438, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1434 
## F-statistic: 449.2 on 34 and 90965 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit7)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.1360839
### well-being
outcome <- "wb.0"
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Well-being 
## VALUES:
## -3.4768, -0.3989, 0.0232, 0.3967, 1.7281
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                    Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)                                        4.416667   0.076354  57.845
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor                       0.019977   0.076694   0.260
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + diuretic           -0.275641   0.180934  -1.523
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + thiazid             0.098387   0.107106   0.919
## htnmeds_ctgry.0aldosteron antagonist              -0.283824   0.126957  -2.236
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha1 blocker                      0.002589   0.079670   0.032
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha2 agonist                      0.003841   0.084831   0.045
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker                         0.023021   0.077057   0.299
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker + thiazid               0.013696   0.086957   0.158
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta and alpha1 blocker             0.205556   0.170732   1.204
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker                       -0.017804   0.076613  -0.232
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker + thiazid             -0.017192   0.092651  -0.186
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist                 -0.007464   0.076555  -0.098
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist + ace inhibitor  0.205556   0.211414   0.972
## htnmeds_ctgry.0diuretic                           -0.005034   0.080537  -0.063
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic                      -0.156640   0.079880  -1.961
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic + diuretic           -0.100000   0.175543  -0.570
## htnmeds_ctgry.0nitrate                            -0.144761   0.081828  -1.769
## htnmeds_ctgry.0no agonist                         -0.032051   0.180934  -0.177
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase3 inhibitor        0.333333   0.305416   1.091
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase5 inhibitor        0.007546   0.081712   0.092
## htnmeds_ctgry.0synthetic amino acid               -0.035714   0.236222  -0.151
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide                            0.060140   0.076692   0.784
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide + other diuretic           0.137597   0.099485   1.383
##                                                   Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                         <2e-16 ***
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor                        0.7945    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + diuretic             0.1277    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + thiazid              0.3583    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0aldosteron antagonist                0.0254 *  
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha1 blocker                       0.9741    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha2 agonist                       0.9639    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker                          0.7651    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker + thiazid                0.8748    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta and alpha1 blocker              0.2286    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker                         0.8162    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker + thiazid               0.8528    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist                   0.9223    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist + ace inhibitor   0.3309    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0diuretic                             0.9502    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic                        0.0499 *  
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic + diuretic             0.5689    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0nitrate                              0.0769 .  
## htnmeds_ctgry.0no agonist                           0.8594    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase3 inhibitor         0.2751    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase5 inhibitor         0.9264    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0synthetic amino acid                 0.8798    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide                             0.4329    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide + other diuretic            0.1666    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.5914 on 40496 degrees of freedom
##   (461974 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.004412,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.003846 
## F-statistic: 7.802 on 23 and 40496 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with covariates
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit8 <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit8)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Well-being 
## VALUES:
## -3.6632, -0.3489, 0.0103, 0.3718, 2.463
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                     Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)                                        3.8691231  0.0856994  45.148
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor                       0.0488877  0.0727678   0.672
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + diuretic           -0.1968809  0.1716067  -1.147
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + thiazid             0.1211412  0.1019975   1.188
## htnmeds_ctgry.0aldosteron antagonist              -0.2610805  0.1229683  -2.123
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha1 blocker                      0.0179303  0.0757409   0.237
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha2 agonist                      0.0645949  0.0817265   0.790
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker                         0.0393325  0.0731283   0.538
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker + thiazid               0.0232985  0.0826839   0.282
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta and alpha1 blocker             0.3469247  0.1619744   2.142
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker                        0.0017737  0.0728185   0.024
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker + thiazid             -0.0434887  0.0883449  -0.492
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist                  0.0117951  0.0727031   0.162
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist + ace inhibitor  0.1841910  0.2111343   0.872
## htnmeds_ctgry.0diuretic                            0.0019490  0.0766632   0.025
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic                      -0.0673557  0.0761701  -0.884
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic + diuretic           -0.1223966  0.1666248  -0.735
## htnmeds_ctgry.0nitrate                            -0.0406848  0.0782551  -0.520
## htnmeds_ctgry.0no agonist                         -0.0345601  0.1917043  -0.180
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase3 inhibitor        0.2451544  0.2897782   0.846
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase5 inhibitor       -0.0214974  0.0784902  -0.274
## htnmeds_ctgry.0synthetic amino acid                0.0027391  0.2402815   0.011
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide                            0.0579033  0.0728376   0.795
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide + other diuretic           0.1290551  0.0959871   1.345
## mean_sbp.0                                         0.0014677  0.0001657   8.856
## high_bp.0                                         -0.0281169  0.0087278  -3.222
## htn_meds_count.0                                  -0.0104345  0.0037458  -2.786
## f.21003.0.0                                        0.0176105  0.0004569  38.542
## f.31.0.0                                           0.0079283  0.0059447   1.334
## angina.0                                          -0.1246237  0.0101435 -12.286
## heartattack.0                                     -0.0674416  0.0113669  -5.933
## f.2443.0.0                                        -0.0952319  0.0077403 -12.303
## depr_l.0                                          -0.3950629  0.0120222 -32.861
## f.21001.0.0                                       -0.0081529  0.0005661 -14.402
## mean_hr.0                                         -0.0019949  0.0002447  -8.151
##                                                   Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                        < 2e-16 ***
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor                       0.50170    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + diuretic            0.25127    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor + thiazid             0.23496    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0aldosteron antagonist               0.03375 *  
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha1 blocker                      0.81287    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha2 agonist                      0.42931    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker                         0.59068    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker + thiazid               0.77811    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta and alpha1 blocker             0.03221 *  
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker                        0.98057    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker + thiazid              0.62254    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist                  0.87112    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium antagonist + ace inhibitor  0.38300    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0diuretic                            0.97972    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic                       0.37655    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic + diuretic            0.46261    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0nitrate                             0.60314    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0no agonist                          0.85693    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase3 inhibitor        0.39755    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase5 inhibitor        0.78417    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0synthetic amino acid                0.99090    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide                            0.42664    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide + other diuretic           0.17879    
## mean_sbp.0                                         < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0                                          0.00128 ** 
## htn_meds_count.0                                   0.00535 ** 
## f.21003.0.0                                        < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                                           0.18232    
## angina.0                                           < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0                                     3.00e-09 ***
## f.2443.0.0                                         < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0                                           < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0                                        < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0                                         3.71e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.5609 on 39190 degrees of freedom
##   (463269 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1019, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1012 
## F-statistic: 130.8 on 34 and 39190 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit8)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.09732096

DEPR medication effects

# DEPR meds
### prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, deprmeds_ctgry.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                     depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
# define predictors and covariates
predictors <- "deprmeds_ctgry.0"
covs <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0","f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", 
          "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Current depressive symptoms 
## VALUES:
## -1.20588, -0.55289, -0.09178, 0.44711, 2.3169
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                                     Estimate
## (Intercept)                                                           2.2059
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor               -0.2265
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor    -0.1141
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor  -0.1026
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                             -0.4030
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                       -0.5228
##                                                                     Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                                             0.1321
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor                  0.1322
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor       0.1335
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor     0.1352
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                                0.1323
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                          0.1349
##                                                                     t value
## (Intercept)                                                          16.703
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor               -1.713
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor    -0.855
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor  -0.759
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                             -3.047
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                       -3.877
##                                                                     Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)                                                          < 2e-16
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor              0.086688
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor   0.392742
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor 0.448062
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                            0.002312
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                      0.000106
##                                                                        
## (Intercept)                                                         ***
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor              .  
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor      
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor    
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                            ** 
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                      ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.7701 on 33127 degrees of freedom
##   (469361 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01732,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.01717 
## F-statistic: 116.8 on 5 and 33127 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with covariates
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit77 <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit77)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Current depressive symptoms 
## VALUES:
## -1.74081, -0.53961, -0.13388, 0.37981, 2.63593
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                                       Estimate
## (Intercept)                                                          2.4197602
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor              -0.2497775
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor   -0.1756552
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor -0.1339910
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                            -0.2956308
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                      -0.3538236
## mean_sbp.0                                                          -0.0017665
## high_bp.0                                                            0.0712447
## htn_meds_count.0                                                    -0.0053679
## f.21003.0.0                                                         -0.0193909
## f.31.0.0                                                             0.0791340
## angina.0                                                             0.2286350
## heartattack.0                                                        0.1205360
## f.2443.0.0                                                           0.0514082
## depr_l.0                                                             0.2758695
## f.21001.0.0                                                          0.0122005
## mean_hr.0                                                            0.0040841
##                                                                     Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                                          0.1511742
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor               0.1340563
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor    0.1352802
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor  0.1371561
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                             0.1340936
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                       0.1375834
## mean_sbp.0                                                           0.0002701
## high_bp.0                                                            0.0118671
## htn_meds_count.0                                                     0.0061421
## f.21003.0.0                                                          0.0006100
## f.31.0.0                                                             0.0096147
## angina.0                                                             0.0222047
## heartattack.0                                                        0.0280827
## f.2443.0.0                                                           0.0160040
## depr_l.0                                                             0.0095736
## f.21001.0.0                                                          0.0008279
## mean_hr.0                                                            0.0003867
##                                                                     t value
## (Intercept)                                                          16.006
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor               -1.863
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor    -1.298
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor  -0.977
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                             -2.205
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                       -2.572
## mean_sbp.0                                                           -6.540
## high_bp.0                                                             6.004
## htn_meds_count.0                                                     -0.874
## f.21003.0.0                                                         -31.788
## f.31.0.0                                                              8.231
## angina.0                                                             10.297
## heartattack.0                                                         4.292
## f.2443.0.0                                                            3.212
## depr_l.0                                                             28.816
## f.21001.0.0                                                          14.737
## mean_hr.0                                                            10.561
##                                                                     Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)                                                          < 2e-16
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor               0.06244
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor    0.19414
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor  0.32862
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                             0.02749
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                       0.01012
## mean_sbp.0                                                          6.24e-11
## high_bp.0                                                           1.95e-09
## htn_meds_count.0                                                     0.38215
## f.21003.0.0                                                          < 2e-16
## f.31.0.0                                                             < 2e-16
## angina.0                                                             < 2e-16
## heartattack.0                                                       1.78e-05
## f.2443.0.0                                                           0.00132
## depr_l.0                                                             < 2e-16
## f.21001.0.0                                                          < 2e-16
## mean_hr.0                                                            < 2e-16
##                                                                        
## (Intercept)                                                         ***
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor              .  
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor      
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor    
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                            *  
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                      *  
## mean_sbp.0                                                          ***
## high_bp.0                                                           ***
## htn_meds_count.0                                                       
## f.21003.0.0                                                         ***
## f.31.0.0                                                            ***
## angina.0                                                            ***
## heartattack.0                                                       ***
## f.2443.0.0                                                          ** 
## depr_l.0                                                            ***
## f.21001.0.0                                                         ***
## mean_hr.0                                                           ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.7328 on 28705 degrees of freedom
##   (473772 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1126, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1121 
## F-statistic: 227.7 on 16 and 28705 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit77)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.09498038
### well-being
outcome <- "wb.0"
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Well-being 
## VALUES:
## -3.1674, -0.3582, 0.0584, 0.4918, 2.0504
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                                     Estimate
## (Intercept)                                                          3.91111
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor               0.19713
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor    0.03853
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor  0.07441
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                             0.25628
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                       0.30351
##                                                                     Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                                            0.20102
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor                 0.20119
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor      0.20303
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor    0.20641
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                               0.20129
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                         0.20796
##                                                                     t value
## (Intercept)                                                          19.456
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor                0.980
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor     0.190
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor   0.360
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                              1.273
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                        1.459
##                                                                     Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)                                                           <2e-16
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor                 0.327
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor      0.850
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor    0.718
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                               0.203
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                         0.144
##                                                                        
## (Intercept)                                                         ***
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor                 
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor      
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor    
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                               
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                         
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.6964 on 12659 degrees of freedom
##   (489829 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.005604,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.005211 
## F-statistic: 14.27 on 5 and 12659 DF,  p-value: 5.924e-14
# with covariates
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit88 <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit88)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Well-being 
## VALUES:
## -3.09315, -0.35872, 0.03709, 0.4243, 2.4928
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                                       Estimate
## (Intercept)                                                          3.8272026
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor               0.0583582
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor   -0.0577296
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor -0.0602160
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                             0.0104187
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                       0.0011186
## mean_sbp.0                                                           0.0016230
## high_bp.0                                                           -0.1002397
## htn_meds_count.0                                                     0.0147676
## f.21003.0.0                                                          0.0212296
## f.31.0.0                                                            -0.1476886
## angina.0                                                            -0.1504044
## heartattack.0                                                       -0.1203933
## f.2443.0.0                                                          -0.0911503
## depr_l.0                                                            -0.2079113
## f.21001.0.0                                                         -0.0117809
## mean_hr.0                                                           -0.0027531
##                                                                     Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                                          0.2117789
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor               0.1890666
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor    0.1906906
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor  0.1942422
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                             0.1891095
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                       0.1971063
## mean_sbp.0                                                           0.0003755
## high_bp.0                                                            0.0165058
## htn_meds_count.0                                                     0.0084738
## f.21003.0.0                                                          0.0008290
## f.31.0.0                                                             0.0132060
## angina.0                                                             0.0309565
## heartattack.0                                                        0.0392492
## f.2443.0.0                                                           0.0212222
## depr_l.0                                                             0.0132442
## f.21001.0.0                                                          0.0011412
## mean_hr.0                                                            0.0005439
##                                                                     t value
## (Intercept)                                                          18.072
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor                0.309
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor    -0.303
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor  -0.310
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                              0.055
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                        0.006
## mean_sbp.0                                                            4.322
## high_bp.0                                                            -6.073
## htn_meds_count.0                                                      1.743
## f.21003.0.0                                                          25.608
## f.31.0.0                                                            -11.183
## angina.0                                                             -4.859
## heartattack.0                                                        -3.067
## f.2443.0.0                                                           -4.295
## depr_l.0                                                            -15.698
## f.21001.0.0                                                         -10.323
## mean_hr.0                                                            -5.061
##                                                                     Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)                                                          < 2e-16
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor               0.75758
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor    0.76209
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor  0.75656
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                             0.95606
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                       0.99547
## mean_sbp.0                                                          1.56e-05
## high_bp.0                                                           1.29e-09
## htn_meds_count.0                                                     0.08140
## f.21003.0.0                                                          < 2e-16
## f.31.0.0                                                             < 2e-16
## angina.0                                                            1.20e-06
## heartattack.0                                                        0.00216
## f.2443.0.0                                                          1.76e-05
## depr_l.0                                                             < 2e-16
## f.21001.0.0                                                          < 2e-16
## mean_hr.0                                                           4.23e-07
##                                                                        
## (Intercept)                                                         ***
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor                 
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrelin reuptake inhibitor      
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor    
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic antidepressant                               
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective reuptake inhibitor                         
## mean_sbp.0                                                          ***
## high_bp.0                                                           ***
## htn_meds_count.0                                                    .  
## f.21003.0.0                                                         ***
## f.31.0.0                                                            ***
## angina.0                                                            ***
## heartattack.0                                                       ** 
## f.2443.0.0                                                          ***
## depr_l.0                                                            ***
## f.21001.0.0                                                         ***
## mean_hr.0                                                           ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.6534 on 12029 degrees of freedom
##   (490448 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1224, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1212 
## F-statistic: 104.8 on 16 and 12029 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit88)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.1160088

partcipants without/with depression meds only

### partcipants with/without depression meds only
# prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, 
                     depr_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                     depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0") 
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", 
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0") # without depr_meds_count.0
# depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, depr_meds_count.0 < 1)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                                                     depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit_depr_meds0 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_depr_meds0)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.2075 -0.6333 -0.2986  0.3806  5.7450 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -2.296e-14  1.844e-03   0.000        1    
## mean_sbp.0       -6.412e-02  2.082e-03 -30.800  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0         4.642e-02  2.427e-03  19.130  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -1.303e-02  2.573e-03  -5.063 4.13e-07 ***
## f.21003.0.0      -1.599e-01  2.005e-03 -79.728  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -5.285e-02  1.895e-03 -27.890  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0          6.130e-02  2.034e-03  30.137  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     2.167e-02  2.019e-03  10.735  < 2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0        2.723e-02  1.923e-03  14.159  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0          1.282e-01  1.847e-03  69.395  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       6.571e-02  1.968e-03  33.395  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         4.330e-02  1.899e-03  22.798  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9668 on 275037 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.06524,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.0652 
## F-statistic:  1745 on 11 and 275037 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, depr_meds_count.0 > 0)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, 
                                                     heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, 
                                                     mean_hr.0))))
mdl_fit_depr_meds1 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_depr_meds1)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.1371 -0.6935 -0.1740  0.4905  3.3668 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -1.643e-16  5.566e-03   0.000 1.000000    
## mean_sbp.0       -4.249e-02  6.207e-03  -6.845 7.79e-12 ***
## high_bp.0         4.457e-02  7.295e-03   6.109 1.02e-09 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -9.170e-03  8.057e-03  -1.138 0.255051    
## f.21003.0.0      -1.967e-01  6.091e-03 -32.289  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0          4.875e-02  5.749e-03   8.480  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0          6.673e-02  6.499e-03  10.267  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     2.751e-02  6.246e-03   4.404 1.07e-05 ***
## f.2443.0.0        1.981e-02  5.936e-03   3.336 0.000851 ***
## depr_l.0          1.907e-01  5.705e-03  33.425  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       9.097e-02  6.000e-03  15.161  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         5.952e-02  5.753e-03  10.345  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9433 on 28710 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1105, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1102 
## F-statistic: 324.4 on 11 and 28710 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# well-being
outcome <- "wb.0"
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, depr_meds_count.0 < 1)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                                                     depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit_wb_depr_meds0 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_wb_depr_meds0)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.6123 -0.6162  0.0187  0.6446  3.7564 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -3.838e-15  2.826e-03   0.000    1.000    
## mean_sbp.0        5.614e-02  3.184e-03  17.632  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0        -5.710e-02  3.738e-03 -15.274  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  9.345e-03  3.951e-03   2.365    0.018 *  
## f.21003.0.0       1.751e-01  3.072e-03  57.016  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -2.523e-02  2.896e-03  -8.712  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0         -4.844e-02  3.091e-03 -15.671  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0    -2.329e-02  3.071e-03  -7.583  3.4e-14 ***
## f.2443.0.0       -3.684e-02  2.944e-03 -12.512  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0         -8.351e-02  2.830e-03 -29.508  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -7.716e-02  3.016e-03 -25.588  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -4.283e-02  2.913e-03 -14.702  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9701 on 117818 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05901,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.05892 
## F-statistic: 671.6 on 11 and 117818 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, depr_meds_count.0 > 0)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, 
                                                     heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, 
                                                     mean_hr.0))))
mdl_fit_wb_depr_meds1 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_wb_depr_meds1)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -4.4415 -0.5120  0.0512  0.6110  3.6211 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       3.368e-17  8.549e-03   0.000  1.00000    
## mean_sbp.0        3.965e-02  9.530e-03   4.161 3.19e-05 ***
## high_bp.0        -6.781e-02  1.127e-02  -6.015 1.85e-09 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  1.925e-02  1.224e-02   1.574  0.11562    
## f.21003.0.0       2.378e-01  9.346e-03  25.443  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -9.829e-02  8.781e-03 -11.193  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0         -4.728e-02  9.807e-03  -4.821 1.44e-06 ***
## heartattack.0    -2.870e-02  9.465e-03  -3.033  0.00243 ** 
## f.2443.0.0       -3.849e-02  9.066e-03  -4.246 2.19e-05 ***
## depr_l.0         -1.403e-01  8.736e-03 -16.058  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -9.506e-02  9.289e-03 -10.233  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -5.850e-02  8.840e-03  -6.618 3.81e-11 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9383 on 12034 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1203, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1195 
## F-statistic: 149.7 on 11 and 12034 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

ANY medication effects

partcipants without/with meds only

### partcipants with/without meds only
# prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, 
                     f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, 
                     mean_hr.0) # without htn_meds_count.0
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0") 
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", 
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0") # without meds_count.0
# depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, meds_count.0 < 1)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, 
                                                     f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit_meds0 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_meds0)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.0781 -0.6207 -0.3118  0.3275  6.1932 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -1.796e-15  4.257e-03   0.000    1.000    
## mean_sbp.0    -7.968e-02  4.986e-03 -15.980  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0      6.803e-02  4.610e-03  14.759  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21003.0.0   -1.467e-01  4.515e-03 -32.497  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -2.726e-02  4.379e-03  -6.225 4.84e-10 ***
## angina.0       4.366e-02  4.276e-03  10.211  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  8.700e-03  4.278e-03   2.034    0.042 *  
## f.2443.0.0     6.613e-04  4.263e-03   0.155    0.877    
## depr_l.0       1.465e-01  4.265e-03  34.357  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    3.006e-02  4.451e-03   6.753 1.46e-11 ***
## mean_hr.0      3.475e-02  4.382e-03   7.931 2.22e-15 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.968 on 51687 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.06317,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.06299 
## F-statistic: 348.5 on 10 and 51687 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, meds_count.0 > 0)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, 
                                                     f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl_fit_meds1 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_meds1)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.4920 -0.5945 -0.2640  0.3736  5.0063 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    4.494e-15  1.850e-03    0.00        1    
## mean_sbp.0    -5.700e-02  2.064e-03  -27.61   <2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0      2.705e-02  2.026e-03   13.35   <2e-16 ***
## f.21003.0.0   -1.670e-01  1.989e-03  -83.97   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -4.335e-02  1.910e-03  -22.70   <2e-16 ***
## angina.0       6.235e-02  1.990e-03   31.33   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  2.016e-02  1.986e-03   10.15   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0     2.387e-02  1.916e-03   12.46   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0       2.714e-01  1.867e-03  145.40   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    7.293e-02  1.962e-03   37.18   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      5.499e-02  1.903e-03   28.90   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9287 on 252062 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1375, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1375 
## F-statistic:  4020 on 10 and 252062 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# well-being
outcome <- "wb.0"
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, meds_count.0 < 1)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, 
                                                     f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit_wb_meds0 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_wb_meds0)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.4931 -0.6261  0.0200  0.6454  3.2344 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    6.259e-15  6.262e-03   0.000   1.0000    
## mean_sbp.0     6.674e-02  7.282e-03   9.165  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0     -7.598e-02  6.735e-03 -11.281  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21003.0.0    1.542e-01  6.663e-03  23.138  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -5.586e-02  6.438e-03  -8.677  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0      -3.159e-02  6.270e-03  -5.038 4.73e-07 ***
## heartattack.0 -8.201e-03  6.279e-03  -1.306   0.1915    
## f.2443.0.0    -1.064e-02  6.273e-03  -1.697   0.0898 .  
## depr_l.0      -8.375e-02  6.270e-03 -13.357  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0   -6.371e-02  6.559e-03  -9.714  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0     -5.273e-02  6.443e-03  -8.185 2.85e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9716 on 24065 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05639,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.056 
## F-statistic: 143.8 on 10 and 24065 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, meds_count.0 > 0)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, 
                                                     f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl_fit_wb_meds1 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_wb_meds1)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.2472 -0.5887  0.0246  0.6275  4.0415 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -6.452e-15  2.926e-03   0.000        1    
## mean_sbp.0     5.267e-02  3.263e-03  16.145  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0     -4.147e-02  3.204e-03 -12.943  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21003.0.0    1.902e-01  3.149e-03  60.407  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -2.769e-02  3.013e-03  -9.192  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0      -4.976e-02  3.123e-03 -15.935  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0 -2.287e-02  3.117e-03  -7.337 2.19e-13 ***
## f.2443.0.0    -3.685e-02  3.028e-03 -12.169  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0      -1.723e-01  2.952e-03 -58.365  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0   -7.922e-02  3.100e-03 -25.556  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0     -4.714e-02  3.012e-03 -15.649  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9518 on 105789 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09407,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.09398 
## F-statistic:  1098 on 10 and 105789 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

BP ELEVATING medication effects

# BP ELEVATING meds
### prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, 
                     elev_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                     depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
# define predictors and covariates
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0", "elev_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", 
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, elev_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, 
                                                     f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                                                     depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.5356 -0.5959 -0.2749  0.3707  5.1654 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -7.828e-15  1.697e-03    0.00        1    
## f.21003.0.0   -1.690e-01  1.722e-03  -98.13   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -5.334e-02  1.728e-03  -30.86   <2e-16 ***
## angina.0       6.602e-02  1.821e-03   36.26   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  2.463e-02  1.816e-03   13.56   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0     3.176e-02  1.747e-03   18.18   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0       2.662e-01  1.707e-03  155.95   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    7.036e-02  1.753e-03   40.14   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      5.221e-02  1.740e-03   30.01   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9352 on 303762 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1254, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1254 
## F-statistic:  5446 on 8 and 303762 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit111 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit111)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.4915 -0.5928 -0.2702  0.3691  5.2064 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       -6.583e-15  1.689e-03   0.000        1    
## mean_sbp.0        -6.192e-02  1.908e-03 -32.456  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0          4.277e-02  2.222e-03  19.251  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  -1.307e-02  2.371e-03  -5.510 3.59e-08 ***
## elev_meds_count.0  7.182e-02  1.769e-03  40.601  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21003.0.0       -1.580e-01  1.840e-03 -85.880  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0          -4.610e-02  1.739e-03 -26.506  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0           5.376e-02  1.887e-03  28.488  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0      1.471e-02  1.862e-03   7.901 2.78e-15 ***
## f.2443.0.0         2.119e-02  1.772e-03  11.959  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0           2.627e-01  1.702e-03 154.356  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0        6.725e-02  1.810e-03  37.154  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0          5.393e-02  1.740e-03  30.994  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9307 on 303758 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1338, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1338 
## F-statistic:  3911 on 12 and 303758 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit111)
##        mean_sbp.0         high_bp.0  htn_meds_count.0 elev_meds_count.0 
##          1.276535          1.730798          1.972247          1.097364 
##       f.21003.0.0          f.31.0.0          angina.0     heartattack.0 
##          1.186855          1.060785          1.248819          1.215530 
##        f.2443.0.0          depr_l.0       f.21001.0.0         mean_hr.0 
##          1.100670          1.015405          1.148878          1.061911
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit111)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.008373589
### prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, elevmeds_ctgry.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0,
                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
# define predictors and covariates
predictors <- "elevmeds_ctgry.0"
covs <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0","f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", 
          "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Current depressive symptoms 
## VALUES:
## -1.15909, -0.43402, -0.18402, 0.23826, 2.62011
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                                               Estimate
## (Intercept)                                                                   1.566038
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                   -0.154273
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                           -0.071720
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                  0.843053
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                 0.035400
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                          0.049634
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                          -0.025157
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                          -0.089402
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                          -0.046912
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                             -0.018400
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                      0.267296
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                      -0.132016
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                          -0.186151
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                          -0.101752
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                 0.004645
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                         0.055174
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                        0.023962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                       -0.023044
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                 0.159769
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                    -0.135187
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                        -0.127013
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                            -0.149371
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                         -0.173181
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                           0.093053
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                 0.044427
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                -0.094547
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                    -0.063854
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                 -0.085569
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                0.272462
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                         -0.131827
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                       0.029200
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                  0.092786
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                  -0.008345
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                     0.408962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                  -0.099822
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                  0.255391
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                      0.027450
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                    0.009824
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                      0.130391
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                     -0.281947
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                       -0.343816
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                              -0.008895
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                 -0.114115
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                            0.108962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                    0.274380
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                    -0.186727
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                       -0.009220
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                               -0.015038
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                       -0.016038
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                  -0.132704
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                      0.543337
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                     0.031184
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                    -0.054302
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                            -0.045204
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                 -0.088510
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                         -0.216038
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                   -0.033143
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                    -0.038260
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                          0.046207
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                  0.050845
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                               0.290067
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                           0.223962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                    -0.049332
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                   -0.028538
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                            0.320326
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                   -0.112913
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                -0.136933
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                            -0.033780
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                            0.105015
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                     0.314644
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                   -0.015635
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                             -0.101752
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                        -0.071668
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                     -0.087217
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                       0.058962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent  0.183962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                           0.233962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                         -0.001332
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                 -0.177149
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                       0.068578
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                 0.183962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                    -0.115587
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                        -0.034788
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                         -0.232704
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                 -0.049967
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                         -0.029452
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                   -0.046375
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                      0.138508
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                         0.093053
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                              -0.081663
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                       -0.191038
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                 -0.258345
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                             -0.125159
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                              0.095011
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                    0.246462
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                           0.121462
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                         0.005391
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                     0.133962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                          0.093962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                            -0.128605
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                             -0.118867
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                -0.089026
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                               -0.159788
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                             -0.008345
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                    -0.241038
##                                                                              Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                                                    0.079088
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                     0.160486
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                             0.117428
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                   0.190768
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                  0.085522
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                           0.105844
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                            0.091323
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                            0.096712
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                            0.084621
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                               0.082323
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                       0.184068
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                        0.079124
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                            0.079964
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                            0.110340
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                  0.082970
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                          0.127674
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                         0.085294
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                         0.091469
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                  0.130188
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                      0.115362
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                          0.119752
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                              0.168392
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                           0.231547
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                            0.190768
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                  0.100547
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                  0.087801
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.083539
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                   0.106934
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                 0.080949
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                           0.153958
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                        0.148463
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                   0.100772
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                    0.178202
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                      0.198510
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                    0.123348
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                   0.231547
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                       0.087452
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                     0.086012
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                       0.173016
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                       0.146026
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                         0.207580
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                                0.092860
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                   0.137860
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                             0.198510
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                     0.080584
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                      0.132990
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                         0.146026
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                 0.083174
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                         0.087554
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                    0.168392
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                       0.164239
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                      0.157074
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                      0.079132
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                              0.114723
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                   0.090096
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                           0.269365
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                     0.103039
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                      0.207580
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                           0.114107
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                   0.102763
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                                0.084963
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                            0.103320
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                      0.081508
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                     0.151098
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                             0.190768
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                     0.164239
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                  0.105844
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                              0.130188
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                             0.153958
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                      0.117428
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                     0.094490
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                               0.173016
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                          0.088024
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                       0.080240
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                        0.137860
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent   0.341700
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                            0.168392
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                           0.100772
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                   0.157074
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                        0.178202
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                  0.143766
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                      0.096133
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                          0.120593
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                           0.168392
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                   0.080349
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                           0.101478
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                     0.090096
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                       0.088550
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                          0.190768
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                                0.128898
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                         0.198510
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                   0.178202
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                               0.092168
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                               0.086583
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                     0.298552
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                            0.218390
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                          0.231547
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                      0.198510
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                           0.139698
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                              0.079653
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                               0.081472
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                  0.100327
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                 0.110340
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                               0.121471
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.198510
##                                                                              t value
## (Intercept)                                                                   19.801
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                    -0.961
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                            -0.611
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                   4.419
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                  0.414
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                           0.469
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                           -0.275
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                           -0.924
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                           -0.554
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                              -0.224
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                       1.452
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                       -1.668
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                           -2.328
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                           -0.922
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                  0.056
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                          0.432
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                         0.281
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                        -0.252
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                  1.227
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                     -1.172
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                         -1.061
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                             -0.887
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                          -0.748
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                            0.488
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                  0.442
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                 -1.077
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                     -0.764
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                  -0.800
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                 3.366
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                          -0.856
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                        0.197
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                   0.921
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                   -0.047
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                      2.060
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                   -0.809
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                   1.103
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                       0.314
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                     0.114
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                       0.754
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                      -1.931
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                        -1.656
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                               -0.096
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                  -0.828
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                             0.549
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                     3.405
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                     -1.404
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                        -0.063
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                -0.181
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                        -0.183
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                   -0.788
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                       3.308
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                      0.199
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                     -0.686
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                             -0.394
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                  -0.982
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                          -0.802
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                    -0.322
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                     -0.184
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                           0.405
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                   0.495
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                                3.414
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                            2.168
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                     -0.605
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                    -0.189
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                             1.679
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                    -0.687
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                 -1.294
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                             -0.259
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                             0.682
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                      2.679
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                    -0.165
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                              -0.588
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                         -0.814
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                      -1.087
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                        0.428
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent   0.538
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                            1.389
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                          -0.013
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                  -1.128
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                        0.385
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                  1.280
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                     -1.202
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                         -0.288
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                          -1.382
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                  -0.622
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                          -0.290
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                    -0.515
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                       1.564
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                          0.488
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                               -0.634
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                        -0.962
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                  -1.450
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                              -1.358
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                               1.097
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                     0.826
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                            0.556
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                          0.023
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                      0.675
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                           0.673
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                             -1.615
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                              -1.459
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                 -0.887
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                -1.448
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                              -0.069
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                     -1.214
##                                                                              Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)                                                                   < 2e-16
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                   0.336409
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                           0.541364
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                 9.91e-06
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                0.678929
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                         0.639116
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                          0.782952
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                          0.355270
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                          0.579321
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                             0.823139
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                     0.146460
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                      0.095226
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                          0.019917
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                          0.356441
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                0.955351
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                        0.665634
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                       0.778758
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                       0.801092
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                0.219744
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                    0.241261
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                        0.288858
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                            0.375056
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                         0.454504
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                          0.625705
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                0.658594
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                0.281557
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                    0.444651
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                 0.423593
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                               0.000763
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                         0.391858
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                      0.844075
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                 0.357185
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                  0.962648
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                    0.039385
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                  0.418363
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                 0.270039
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                     0.753611
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                   0.909063
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                     0.451069
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.053511
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                       0.097663
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                              0.923689
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                 0.407810
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                           0.583074
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                   0.000662
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                    0.160301
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                       0.949658
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                               0.856527
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                       0.854660
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                  0.430657
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                     0.000939
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                    0.842628
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                    0.492576
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                            0.693560
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                 0.325911
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                         0.422539
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                   0.747714
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                    0.853768
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                         0.685519
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                 0.620755
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                              0.000640
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                          0.030187
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                    0.545021
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                   0.850196
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                           0.093127
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                   0.491775
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                0.195761
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                            0.795274
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                           0.495175
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                    0.007375
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                   0.868581
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                             0.556460
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                        0.415538
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                     0.277061
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                      0.668873
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent 0.590320
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                          0.164716
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                         0.989455
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                 0.259405
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                      0.700363
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                0.200688
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                    0.229223
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                        0.772986
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                         0.166998
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                 0.534023
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                         0.771638
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                   0.606747
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                     0.117780
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                        0.625705
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                              0.526379
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                       0.335871
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                 0.147135
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                             0.174481
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                             0.272493
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                   0.409074
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                          0.578094
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                        0.981425
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                    0.499779
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                         0.501196
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                            0.106405
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                             0.144572
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                0.374885
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                               0.147579
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                             0.945226
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                    0.224660
##                                                                                 
## (Intercept)                                                                  ***
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                              
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                 ***
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                      .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                          *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                               ***
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                    *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                     .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                       .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                              
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                   ***
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                     ***
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                              ***
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                          *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                           .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                              
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                    ** 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.5758 on 128789 degrees of freedom
##   (373600 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01591,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.01511 
## F-statistic: 20.02 on 104 and 128789 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with covariates
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit777 <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit777)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Current depressive symptoms 
## VALUES:
## -1.46796, -0.35058, -0.14916, 0.23099, 2.82147
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                                                Estimate
## (Intercept)                                                                   2.0186467
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                   -0.3740343
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                           -0.2405792
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                  0.4699862
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                -0.0501652
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                          0.0015746
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                          -0.0336579
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                          -0.1451171
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                          -0.0140202
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                             -0.0028761
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                      0.0698745
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                      -0.1226061
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                          -0.1618092
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                          -0.0244060
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                -0.0381098
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                         0.0271335
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                       -0.0142600
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                       -0.0252558
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                 0.2162936
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                    -0.1183677
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                        -0.1769256
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                            -0.1990344
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                         -0.1717561
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                           0.0823261
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                -0.0058444
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                -0.0963239
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                    -0.0914534
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                 -0.0822038
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                0.1780359
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                         -0.1036337
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                       0.0479056
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                  0.0277878
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                  -0.0281850
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                     0.2080405
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                  -0.1363893
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                  0.0442866
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                     -0.0172084
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                   -0.0363342
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                     -0.0331292
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                     -0.1507724
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                       -0.2675394
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                              -0.0814684
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                 -0.0269717
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                            0.5519520
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                    0.1721857
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                    -0.1058569
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                       -0.0474062
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                               -0.0519521
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                       -0.0556489
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                  -0.2703207
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                      0.4898696
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                     0.0385268
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                    -0.0830631
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                            -0.0748970
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                 -0.1067807
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                         -0.1069713
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                   -0.0568367
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                     0.0464460
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                          0.0488693
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                 -0.0238322
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                               0.1154851
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                           0.1737348
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                    -0.0484154
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                   -0.0176983
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                            0.3308632
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                   -0.1016209
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                -0.1174432
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                             0.0227839
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                            0.0807738
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                     0.2507249
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                   -0.0422388
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                             -0.1324656
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                        -0.0653498
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                     -0.0906655
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                       0.0468433
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent  0.1817635
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                           0.1711851
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                          0.0331552
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                 -0.2112536
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                      -0.0001430
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                 0.2194531
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                    -0.1115159
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                        -0.0883959
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                         -0.1468100
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                 -0.0433973
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                          0.0148070
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                   -0.0143042
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                     -0.0610164
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                         0.0921284
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                              -0.1499174
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                       -0.1245355
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                 -0.3951325
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                             -0.1284680
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                              0.0248869
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                    0.1664995
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                           0.1340266
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                         0.0134316
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                     0.1031555
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                          0.0253808
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                            -0.1408596
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                             -0.1105175
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                -0.0875004
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                               -0.1695713
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                              0.0159190
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                    -0.3238746
## mean_sbp.0                                                                   -0.0016230
## high_bp.0                                                                     0.0512476
## htn_meds_count.0                                                             -0.0032229
## f.21003.0.0                                                                  -0.0138428
## f.31.0.0                                                                     -0.0474235
## angina.0                                                                      0.1552243
## heartattack.0                                                                 0.0616099
## f.2443.0.0                                                                    0.0504031
## depr_l.0                                                                      0.5840154
## f.21001.0.0                                                                   0.0078112
## mean_hr.0                                                                     0.0030052
##                                                                              Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                                                   0.0835646
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                    0.1754821
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                            0.1183669
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                  0.2198400
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                 0.0863507
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                          0.1060787
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                           0.0913026
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                           0.0972799
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                           0.0849638
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                              0.0823943
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                      0.1817374
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                       0.0792035
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                           0.0800649
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                           0.1167153
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                 0.0830912
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                         0.1295307
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                        0.0854163
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                        0.0924409
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                 0.1295218
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                     0.1138138
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                         0.1232213
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                             0.1609061
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                          0.2198257
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                           0.1817367
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                 0.1042281
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                 0.0875496
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.0837390
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                  0.1113343
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                0.0810624
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                          0.1570450
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                       0.1474986
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                  0.0992657
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                   0.1754857
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                     0.2198178
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                   0.1281224
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                  0.2352372
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                      0.0877440
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                    0.0859198
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                      0.1817247
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.1424131
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                        0.2198127
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                               0.0924540
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                  0.1474989
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                            0.2825945
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                    0.0807222
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                     0.1448666
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                        0.1475070
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                0.0832430
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                        0.0879251
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                   0.1754877
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                      0.1652055
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                     0.1570530
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                     0.0792075
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                             0.1201675
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                  0.0901589
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                          0.2826027
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                    0.1017443
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                     0.2075071
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                          0.1152092
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                  0.1014754
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                               0.0852090
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                           0.1053059
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                     0.0815425
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                    0.1448558
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                            0.1817339
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                    0.1609118
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                 0.1060842
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                             0.1295207
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                            0.1503884
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                     0.1201753
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                    0.0944180
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                              0.1700178
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                         0.0883877
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                      0.0803161
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                       0.1361209
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent  0.3230847
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                           0.1652008
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                          0.1049415
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                  0.1535764
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                       0.1754810
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                 0.1424193
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                     0.0978287
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                         0.1232439
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                          0.1817246
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                  0.0803770
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                          0.1032381
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                    0.0900202
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                      0.0885526
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                         0.1889515
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                               0.1326067
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                        0.2075106
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                  0.1754854
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                              0.0920742
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                              0.0866726
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                    0.2825904
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                           0.2075045
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                         0.2352223
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                     0.1974054
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                          0.1361242
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                             0.0797336
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                              0.0815805
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                 0.1020302
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                0.1113364
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                              0.1310174
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.2352082
## mean_sbp.0                                                                    0.0001020
## high_bp.0                                                                     0.0044618
## htn_meds_count.0                                                              0.0021479
## f.21003.0.0                                                                   0.0002517
## f.31.0.0                                                                      0.0036726
## angina.0                                                                      0.0064438
## heartattack.0                                                                 0.0071880
## f.2443.0.0                                                                    0.0055269
## depr_l.0                                                                      0.0064250
## f.21001.0.0                                                                   0.0003577
## mean_hr.0                                                                     0.0001505
##                                                                              t value
## (Intercept)                                                                   24.157
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                    -2.131
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                            -2.032
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                   2.138
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                 -0.581
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                           0.015
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                           -0.369
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                           -1.492
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                           -0.165
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                              -0.035
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                       0.384
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                       -1.548
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                           -2.021
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                           -0.209
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                 -0.459
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                          0.209
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                        -0.167
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                        -0.273
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                  1.670
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                     -1.040
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                         -1.436
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                             -1.237
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                          -0.781
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                            0.453
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                 -0.056
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                 -1.100
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                     -1.092
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                  -0.738
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                 2.196
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                          -0.660
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                        0.325
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                   0.280
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                   -0.161
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                      0.946
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                   -1.065
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                   0.188
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                      -0.196
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                    -0.423
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                      -0.182
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                      -1.059
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                        -1.217
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                               -0.881
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                  -0.183
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                             1.953
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                     2.133
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                     -0.731
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                        -0.321
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                -0.624
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                        -0.633
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                   -1.540
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                       2.965
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                      0.245
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                     -1.049
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                             -0.623
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                  -1.184
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                          -0.379
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                    -0.559
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                      0.224
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                           0.424
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                  -0.235
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                                1.355
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                            1.650
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                     -0.594
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                    -0.122
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                             1.821
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                    -0.632
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                 -1.107
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                              0.176
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                             0.537
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                      2.086
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                    -0.447
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                              -0.779
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                         -0.739
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                      -1.129
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                        0.344
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent   0.563
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                            1.036
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                           0.316
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                  -1.376
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                       -0.001
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                  1.541
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                     -1.140
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                         -0.717
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                          -0.808
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                  -0.540
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                           0.143
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                    -0.159
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                      -0.689
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                          0.488
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                               -1.131
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                        -0.600
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                  -2.252
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                              -1.395
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                               0.287
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                     0.589
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                            0.646
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                          0.057
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                      0.523
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                           0.186
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                             -1.767
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                              -1.355
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                 -0.858
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                -1.523
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                               0.122
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                     -1.377
## mean_sbp.0                                                                   -15.907
## high_bp.0                                                                     11.486
## htn_meds_count.0                                                              -1.500
## f.21003.0.0                                                                  -55.000
## f.31.0.0                                                                     -12.913
## angina.0                                                                      24.089
## heartattack.0                                                                  8.571
## f.2443.0.0                                                                     9.120
## depr_l.0                                                                      90.898
## f.21001.0.0                                                                   21.838
## mean_hr.0                                                                     19.967
##                                                                              Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)                                                                   < 2e-16
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                    0.03305
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                            0.04211
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                  0.03253
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                 0.56128
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                          0.98816
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                           0.71240
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                           0.13577
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                           0.86893
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                              0.97215
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                      0.70062
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                       0.12163
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                           0.04329
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                           0.83437
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                 0.64649
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                         0.83408
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                        0.86741
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                        0.78469
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                 0.09493
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                     0.29834
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                         0.15105
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                             0.21611
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                          0.43461
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                           0.65055
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                 0.95528
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                 0.27124
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.27478
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                  0.46030
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                0.02807
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                          0.50932
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                       0.74534
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                  0.77953
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                   0.87240
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                     0.34394
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                   0.28709
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                  0.85067
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                      0.84452
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                    0.67238
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                      0.85534
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.28974
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                        0.22356
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                               0.37822
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                  0.85491
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                            0.05080
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                    0.03292
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                     0.46495
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                        0.74792
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                0.53256
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                        0.52679
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                   0.12347
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                      0.00303
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                     0.80622
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                     0.29433
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                             0.53311
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                  0.23627
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                          0.70504
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                    0.57642
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                     0.82289
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                          0.67144
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                  0.81432
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                               0.17532
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                           0.09898
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                     0.55268
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                    0.90276
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                            0.06867
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                    0.52769
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                 0.26826
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                             0.86037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                            0.59120
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                     0.03695
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                    0.65462
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                              0.43591
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                         0.45969
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                      0.25896
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                       0.73075
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent  0.57372
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                           0.30010
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                          0.75205
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                  0.16896
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                       0.99935
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                 0.12335
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                     0.25433
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                         0.47323
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                          0.41917
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                  0.58925
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                          0.88595
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                    0.87375
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                      0.49080
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                         0.62585
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                               0.25825
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                        0.54841
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                  0.02435
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                              0.16294
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                              0.77401
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                    0.55574
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                           0.51835
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                         0.95446
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                     0.60128
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                          0.85209
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                             0.07729
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                              0.17551
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                 0.39112
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                0.12775
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                              0.90329
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.16852
## mean_sbp.0                                                                    < 2e-16
## high_bp.0                                                                     < 2e-16
## htn_meds_count.0                                                              0.13349
## f.21003.0.0                                                                   < 2e-16
## f.31.0.0                                                                      < 2e-16
## angina.0                                                                      < 2e-16
## heartattack.0                                                                 < 2e-16
## f.2443.0.0                                                                    < 2e-16
## depr_l.0                                                                      < 2e-16
## f.21001.0.0                                                                   < 2e-16
## mean_hr.0                                                                     < 2e-16
##                                                                                 
## (Intercept)                                                                  ***
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                   *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                           *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                 *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                          *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                               *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                           .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                   *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                     ** 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                          .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                           .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                              
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                    *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                 *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                            .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                       
## mean_sbp.0                                                                   ***
## high_bp.0                                                                    ***
## htn_meds_count.0                                                                
## f.21003.0.0                                                                  ***
## f.31.0.0                                                                     ***
## angina.0                                                                     ***
## heartattack.0                                                                ***
## f.2443.0.0                                                                   ***
## depr_l.0                                                                     ***
## f.21001.0.0                                                                  ***
## mean_hr.0                                                                    ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.5425 on 101302 degrees of freedom
##   (401076 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1549, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1539 
## F-statistic: 161.4 on 115 and 101302 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit777)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.1388179
### well-being
outcome <- "wb.0"
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Well-being 
## VALUES:
## -3.4278, -0.3661, 0.0026, 0.4158, 1.8479
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                                               Estimate
## (Intercept)                                                                   4.262963
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                    0.403704
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                            0.055556
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                 -0.862963
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                 0.158959
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                          0.039601
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                           0.120596
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                          -0.024421
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                           0.153352
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                              0.078980
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                     -0.007407
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                       0.140871
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                           0.164815
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                          -0.186296
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                 0.075087
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                        -0.444781
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                        0.162632
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                        0.191612
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                 0.147454
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                    -0.010185
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                         0.346128
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                            -0.462963
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                          0.237037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                           0.157037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                -0.163818
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                -0.016586
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.038673
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                 -0.066885
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                               -0.162840
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                         -0.202546
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                       0.108466
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                  0.150081
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                  -0.121296
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                    -0.129630
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                  -0.307407
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                  0.237037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                      0.056400
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                    0.062174
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                      0.137037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.427513
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                       -0.412963
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                               0.127315
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                  0.067037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                           -1.146296
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                   -0.110814
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                     0.244729
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                        0.150132
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                0.066262
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                        0.142122
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                  -0.104630
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                     -0.078114
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                    -0.037037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                     0.103149
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                            -0.170370
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                  0.185926
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                          0.237037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                    0.184815
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                     0.014815
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                         -0.027963
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                  0.166481
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                              -0.110037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                          -0.044781
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                     0.117602
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                   -0.116296
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                           -0.190741
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                   -0.062963
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                 0.205664
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                             0.056481
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                           -0.246296
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                    -0.094444
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                    0.174656
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                              0.070370
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                         0.082619
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                      0.134422
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                       0.032870
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent -0.012963
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                          -0.333333
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                          0.049074
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                  0.327513
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                      -0.274074
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                -0.107407
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                     0.216085
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                         0.190370
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                          0.462037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                  0.079002
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                          0.064815
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                    0.086388
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                     -0.048828
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                         0.375926
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                               0.205787
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                        0.570370
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                  0.077037
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                              0.193350
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                             -0.054412
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                    1.070370
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                          -0.462963
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                        -1.096296
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                     0.045370
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                         -0.026599
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                             0.214237
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                              0.229900
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                 0.091204
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                0.285522
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                              0.314815
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.737037
##                                                                              Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                                                    0.141097
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                     0.330901
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                             0.199541
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                   0.302619
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                  0.152107
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                           0.183551
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                            0.157324
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                            0.176371
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                            0.149773
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                               0.146992
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                       0.244387
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                        0.141158
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                            0.142662
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                            0.236100
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                  0.146965
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                          0.229097
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                         0.152013
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                         0.164118
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                  0.205682
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                      0.199541
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                          0.229097
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                              0.615026
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                           0.446187
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                            0.302619
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                  0.170578
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                  0.158435
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.148683
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                   0.202454
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                 0.144198
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                           0.254366
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                        0.266648
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                   0.188384
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                    0.330901
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                      0.373307
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                    0.244387
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                   0.615026
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                       0.158676
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                     0.151147
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                       0.282193
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                       0.266648
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                         0.446187
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                                0.165450
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                   0.236100
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                             0.446187
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                     0.143079
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                      0.217884
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                         0.213318
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                 0.146884
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                         0.161189
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                    0.254366
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                       0.229097
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                      0.244387
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                      0.141164
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                              0.244387
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                   0.160875
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                           0.446187
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                     0.178475
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                      0.282193
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                           0.194488
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                   0.178475
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                                0.150478
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                            0.175406
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                      0.145338
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                     0.302619
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                             0.282193
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                     0.615026
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                  0.202454
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                              0.223093
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                             0.330901
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                      0.199541
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                     0.173628
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                               0.330901
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                          0.155646
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                       0.142576
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                        0.254366
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent   0.446187
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                            0.244387
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                           0.199541
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                   0.266648
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                        0.373307
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                  0.223093
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                      0.173628
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                          0.302619
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                           0.330901
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                   0.142902
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                           0.172807
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                     0.156723
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                       0.156347
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                          0.282193
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                                0.205682
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                         0.615026
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                   0.302619
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                               0.159178
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                               0.151738
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                     0.615026
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                            0.446187
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                          0.615026
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                      0.330901
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                           0.229097
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                              0.142065
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                               0.143960
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                  0.176371
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                 0.229097
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                               0.244387
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.615026
##                                                                              t value
## (Intercept)                                                                   30.213
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                     1.220
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                             0.278
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                  -2.852
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                  1.045
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                           0.216
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                            0.767
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                           -0.138
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                            1.024
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                               0.537
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                      -0.030
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                        0.998
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                            1.155
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                           -0.789
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                  0.511
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                         -1.941
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                         1.070
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                         1.168
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                  0.717
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                     -0.051
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                          1.511
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                             -0.753
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                           0.531
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                            0.519
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                 -0.960
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                 -0.105
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.260
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                  -0.330
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                -1.129
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                          -0.796
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                        0.407
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                   0.797
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                   -0.367
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                     -0.347
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                   -1.258
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                   0.385
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                       0.355
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                     0.411
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                       0.486
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                       1.603
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                        -0.926
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                                0.770
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                   0.284
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                            -2.569
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                    -0.774
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                      1.123
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                         0.704
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                 0.451
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                         0.882
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                   -0.411
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                      -0.341
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                     -0.152
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                      0.731
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                             -0.697
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                   1.156
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                           0.531
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                     1.036
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                      0.052
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                          -0.144
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                   0.933
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                               -0.731
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                           -0.255
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                      0.809
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                    -0.384
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                            -0.676
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                    -0.102
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                  1.016
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                              0.253
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                            -0.744
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                     -0.473
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                     1.006
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                               0.213
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                          0.531
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                       0.943
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                        0.129
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent  -0.029
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                           -1.364
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                           0.246
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                   1.228
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                       -0.734
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                 -0.481
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                      1.245
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                          0.629
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                           1.396
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                   0.553
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                           0.375
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                     0.551
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                      -0.312
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                          1.332
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                                1.001
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                         0.927
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                   0.255
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                               1.215
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                              -0.359
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                     1.740
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                           -1.038
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                         -1.783
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                      0.137
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                          -0.116
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                              1.508
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                               1.597
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                  0.517
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                 1.246
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                               1.288
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                      1.198
##                                                                              Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)                                                                   < 2e-16
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                    0.22247
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                            0.78069
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                  0.00435
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                 0.29601
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                          0.82918
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                           0.44336
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                           0.88987
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                           0.30589
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                              0.59106
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                      0.97582
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                       0.31830
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                           0.24798
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                           0.43008
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                 0.60941
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                         0.05221
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                        0.28469
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                        0.24300
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                 0.47344
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                     0.95929
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                         0.13084
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                             0.45160
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                          0.59525
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                           0.60381
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                 0.33687
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                 0.91662
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.79479
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                  0.74112
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                0.25879
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                          0.42587
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                       0.68417
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                  0.42565
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                   0.71395
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                     0.72841
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                   0.20844
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                  0.69994
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                      0.72226
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                    0.68082
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                      0.62724
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.10888
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                        0.35469
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                               0.44160
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                  0.77646
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                            0.01020
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                    0.43864
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                     0.26135
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                        0.48156
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                0.65191
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                        0.37794
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                   0.68083
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                      0.73313
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                     0.87954
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                     0.46497
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                             0.48572
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                  0.24780
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                          0.59525
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                    0.30043
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                     0.95813
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                          0.88568
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                  0.35093
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                               0.46463
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                           0.79849
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                     0.41842
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                    0.70076
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                            0.49909
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                    0.91846
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                 0.30970
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                             0.80013
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                            0.45669
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                     0.63599
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                    0.31446
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                              0.83159
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                         0.59555
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                      0.34578
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                       0.89718
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent  0.97682
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                           0.17259
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                          0.80573
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                  0.21935
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                       0.46284
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                 0.63020
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                     0.21331
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                         0.52930
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                          0.16263
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                  0.58038
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                          0.70761
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                    0.58149
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                      0.75481
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                         0.18281
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                               0.31707
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                        0.35373
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                  0.79906
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                              0.22450
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                              0.71990
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                    0.08180
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                           0.29946
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                         0.07467
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                     0.89094
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                          0.90757
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                             0.13156
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                              0.11028
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                 0.60508
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                0.21266
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                              0.19769
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.23077
##                                                                                 
## (Intercept)                                                                  ***
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                              
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                 ** 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                        .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                           *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                              
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                              
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                   .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                        .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.5986 on 47782 degrees of freedom
##   (454607 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.009133,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.006976 
## F-statistic: 4.235 on 104 and 47782 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with covariates
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit888 <- lm(mdl, data=dat)
summary(mdl_fit888)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Well-being 
## VALUES:
## -3.5776, -0.3496, 0.0157, 0.3761, 2.3436
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                                                Estimate
## (Intercept)                                                                   3.9251654
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                    0.4329500
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                            0.1784494
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                 -0.1858484
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                 0.1702531
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                          0.0343089
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                           0.0662528
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                          -0.0666337
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                           0.1031643
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                              0.0123968
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                     -0.0438845
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                       0.1064466
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                           0.1153584
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                          -0.2073254
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                 0.0623665
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                        -0.4269784
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                        0.1086711
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                        0.0887282
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                 0.0594094
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                    -0.0768881
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                         0.3533558
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                            -0.4883922
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                          0.1345339
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                           0.1895112
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                -0.1448995
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                -0.0457314
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.0457814
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                 -0.2008786
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                               -0.1240662
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                         -0.4496358
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                       0.0922828
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                  0.1518964
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                  -0.1755594
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                     0.2216372
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                  -0.2524656
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                 -0.0970741
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                      0.0292190
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                    0.0899653
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                      0.1044355
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.2198032
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                       -0.5730110
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                               0.1153598
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                  0.0801409
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                           -0.8180368
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                   -0.0797384
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                     0.1578716
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                        0.0831600
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                0.0627609
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                        0.1206518
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                   0.0333957
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                     -0.0363588
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                    -0.0797430
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                     0.0868934
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                            -0.2314265
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                  0.1461981
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                          0.3046531
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                    0.1024733
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                     0.0203066
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                         -0.0002988
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                  0.1277084
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                              -0.0294765
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                          -0.0564899
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                     0.0532045
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                   -0.1840643
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                           -0.2112685
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                   -0.0590250
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                 0.0987295
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                            -0.0287918
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                           -0.3118341
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                    -0.0544318
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                    0.1279060
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                              0.0459506
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                         0.0230198
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                      0.0846738
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                      -0.0783687
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent -0.0287558
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                          -0.4019382
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                          0.0277237
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                  0.3543142
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                      -0.4256068
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                -0.1708846
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                     0.1678923
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                         0.1952517
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                          0.2985054
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                  0.0208911
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                          0.0219084
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                    0.0003935
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                      0.0363668
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                         0.3195126
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                               0.1279910
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                        0.4268761
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                  0.1910909
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                              0.1475587
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                             -0.0397205
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                    1.3086004
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                          -0.6232578
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                        -1.0376178
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                     0.0843999
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                         -0.0071802
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                             0.1609168
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                              0.1749899
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                 0.1051456
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                0.2017268
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                              0.1941344
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.6695744
## mean_sbp.0                                                                    0.0016159
## high_bp.0                                                                    -0.0659702
## htn_meds_count.0                                                              0.0025224
## f.21003.0.0                                                                   0.0154346
## f.31.0.0                                                                     -0.0224583
## angina.0                                                                     -0.1180515
## heartattack.0                                                                -0.0752541
## f.2443.0.0                                                                   -0.0722984
## depr_l.0                                                                     -0.3998695
## f.21001.0.0                                                                  -0.0088383
## mean_hr.0                                                                    -0.0027000
##                                                                              Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                                                   0.1454316
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                    0.3183487
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                            0.1937603
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                  0.3588202
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                 0.1506427
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                          0.1786909
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                           0.1546926
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                           0.1719604
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                           0.1476190
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                              0.1447316
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                      0.2361938
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                       0.1390360
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                           0.1404974
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                           0.2456479
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                 0.1446249
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                         0.2217123
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                        0.1496743
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                        0.1621508
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                 0.2029342
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                     0.2029442
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                         0.2217036
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                             0.5894824
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                          0.4282683
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                           0.2914649
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                 0.1739223
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                 0.1558193
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.1463784
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                  0.1965048
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                0.1420511
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                          0.2720345
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                       0.2572588
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                  0.1850242
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                   0.3183711
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                     0.5894990
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                   0.2361965
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                  0.5894603
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                      0.1568345
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                    0.1487819
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                      0.2720542
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.2573069
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                        0.4282424
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                               0.1617120
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                  0.2283089
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                            0.4282944
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                    0.1409702
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                     0.2283259
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                        0.2160103
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                0.1445563
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                        0.1583402
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                   0.2573007
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                      0.2283048
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                     0.2456521
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                     0.1390567
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                             0.2456040
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                  0.1586710
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                          0.4282898
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                    0.1761535
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                     0.2914829
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                          0.1912671
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                  0.1761590
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                               0.1480381
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                           0.1739127
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                     0.1429343
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                    0.2914676
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                            0.2720687
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                    0.5896264
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                 0.1964997
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                             0.2159885
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                            0.3183547
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                     0.1937596
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                    0.1693523
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                              0.3183671
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                         0.1542881
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                      0.1404311
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                       0.2456240
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent  0.4282453
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                           0.2361680
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                          0.1995543
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                  0.2572971
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                       0.3587547
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                 0.2160193
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                     0.1719326
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                         0.2915054
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                          0.3183742
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                  0.1406800
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                          0.1701720
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                    0.1542913
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                      0.1533592
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                         0.2720371
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                               0.2110773
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                        0.5895707
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                  0.2914400
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                              0.1563278
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                              0.1490480
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                    0.5895271
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                           0.4282490
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                         0.5894831
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                     0.3183399
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                          0.2216758
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                             0.1399022
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                              0.1417003
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                 0.1773777
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                0.2216726
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                              0.2572667
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.5894755
## mean_sbp.0                                                                    0.0001686
## high_bp.0                                                                     0.0073988
## htn_meds_count.0                                                              0.0035796
## f.21003.0.0                                                                   0.0004104
## f.31.0.0                                                                      0.0060566
## angina.0                                                                      0.0106551
## heartattack.0                                                                 0.0118141
## f.2443.0.0                                                                    0.0087950
## depr_l.0                                                                      0.0107643
## f.21001.0.0                                                                   0.0005826
## mean_hr.0                                                                     0.0002509
##                                                                              t value
## (Intercept)                                                                   26.990
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                     1.360
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                             0.921
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                  -0.518
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                  1.130
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                           0.192
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                            0.428
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                           -0.387
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                            0.699
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                               0.086
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                      -0.186
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                        0.766
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                            0.821
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                           -0.844
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                  0.431
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                         -1.926
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                         0.726
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                         0.547
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                  0.293
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                     -0.379
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                          1.594
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                             -0.829
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                           0.314
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                            0.650
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                 -0.833
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                 -0.293
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                      0.313
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                  -1.022
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                -0.873
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                          -1.653
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                        0.359
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                   0.821
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                   -0.551
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                      0.376
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                   -1.069
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                  -0.165
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                       0.186
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                     0.605
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                       0.384
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                       0.854
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                        -1.338
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                                0.713
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                   0.351
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                            -1.910
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                    -0.566
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                      0.691
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                         0.385
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                 0.434
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                         0.762
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                    0.130
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                      -0.159
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                     -0.325
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                      0.625
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                             -0.942
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                   0.921
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                           0.711
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                     0.582
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                      0.070
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                          -0.002
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                   0.725
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                               -0.199
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                           -0.325
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                      0.372
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                    -0.632
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                            -0.777
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                    -0.100
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                  0.502
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                             -0.133
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                            -0.980
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                     -0.281
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                     0.755
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                               0.144
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                          0.149
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                       0.603
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                       -0.319
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent  -0.067
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                           -1.702
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                           0.139
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                   1.377
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                       -1.186
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                 -0.791
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                      0.977
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                          0.670
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                           0.938
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                   0.149
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                           0.129
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                     0.003
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                       0.237
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                          1.175
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                                0.606
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                         0.724
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                   0.656
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                               0.944
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                              -0.266
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                     2.220
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                           -1.455
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                         -1.760
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                      0.265
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                          -0.032
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                              1.150
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                               1.235
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                  0.593
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                 0.910
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                               0.755
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                      1.136
## mean_sbp.0                                                                     9.583
## high_bp.0                                                                     -8.916
## htn_meds_count.0                                                               0.705
## f.21003.0.0                                                                   37.612
## f.31.0.0                                                                      -3.708
## angina.0                                                                     -11.079
## heartattack.0                                                                 -6.370
## f.2443.0.0                                                                    -8.220
## depr_l.0                                                                     -37.148
## f.21001.0.0                                                                  -15.170
## mean_hr.0                                                                    -10.763
##                                                                              Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)                                                                   < 2e-16
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                   0.173841
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                           0.357066
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                 0.604501
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                0.258408
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                         0.847742
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                          0.668444
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                          0.698392
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                          0.484647
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                             0.931742
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                     0.852604
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                      0.443916
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                          0.411611
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                          0.398677
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                0.666304
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                        0.054133
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                       0.467812
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                       0.584247
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                0.769713
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                    0.704791
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                        0.110984
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                            0.407386
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                         0.753420
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                          0.515565
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                0.404777
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                0.769149
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                    0.754464
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                 0.306665
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                               0.382455
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                         0.098366
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                      0.719810
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                 0.411677
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                  0.581342
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                    0.706937
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                  0.285130
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                 0.869194
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                     0.852207
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                   0.545396
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                     0.701071
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                     0.392974
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                       0.180887
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                              0.475623
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                 0.725576
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                           0.056142
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                   0.571641
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                    0.489298
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                       0.700253
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                               0.664173
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                       0.446077
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                  0.896731
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                     0.873468
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                    0.745472
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                    0.532055
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                            0.346058
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                 0.356851
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                         0.476887
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                   0.560754
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                    0.944460
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                         0.998753
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                 0.468480
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                              0.842175
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                          0.745321
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                    0.709723
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                   0.527712
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                           0.437443
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                   0.920261
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                0.615360
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                            0.893955
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                           0.327330
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                    0.778770
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                   0.450094
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                             0.885239
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                        0.881396
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                     0.546541
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                      0.749683
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent 0.946464
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                          0.088778
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                         0.889507
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                 0.168500
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                      0.235493
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                0.428913
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                    0.328822
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                        0.502986
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                         0.348459
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                 0.881948
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                         0.897562
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                   0.997965
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                     0.812553
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                        0.240194
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                              0.544272
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                       0.469042
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                 0.512035
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                             0.345223
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                             0.789860
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                   0.026441
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                          0.145576
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                        0.078379
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                    0.790914
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                         0.974161
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                            0.250064
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                             0.216864
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                0.553333
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                               0.362816
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                             0.450491
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                    0.256013
## mean_sbp.0                                                                    < 2e-16
## high_bp.0                                                                     < 2e-16
## htn_meds_count.0                                                             0.481029
## f.21003.0.0                                                                   < 2e-16
## f.31.0.0                                                                     0.000209
## angina.0                                                                      < 2e-16
## heartattack.0                                                                1.91e-10
## f.2443.0.0                                                                    < 2e-16
## depr_l.0                                                                      < 2e-16
## f.21001.0.0                                                                   < 2e-16
## mean_hr.0                                                                     < 2e-16
##                                                                                 
## (Intercept)                                                                  ***
## elevmeds_ctgry.0acemetacin                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0adrenaline product                                              
## elevmeds_ctgry.0amphotericin                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0anadin tablet                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 120mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 60mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arcoxia 90mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec 50 tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0arthrotec tablet                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspav dispersible tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin                                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0aspirin 75mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0brufen 200mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0carbamazepine product                                        .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 100mg capsule                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0celebrex 200mg capsule                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0co-phenotrope                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cortisone                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cuprofen 200mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0cya - cyclosporin                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmopressin product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0desmospray 10micrograms nasal spray                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dexamethasone                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclofenac sodium+misoprostol                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dicloflex 25mg e/c tablet                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0diclomax sr 75mg m/r capsule                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dihydrocodeine                                                  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0dipyridamole+aspirin                                         .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eccoxolac 300mg capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0eltroxin 25micrograms tablet                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0entocort cr 3mg m/r capsule                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ephedrine                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epinephrine                                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0epoetin beta                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etodolac                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0etoricoxib                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0felbinac                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fenactol 25mg e/c tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0florinef 100mcg tablet                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0fludrocortisone                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0flurbiprofen                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0froben 50mg tablet                                           .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0gabapentin                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0goserelin                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0growth hormone product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone                                                  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+clotrimazole                                     
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+lidocaine                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0hydrocortisone+miconazole                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ibuprofen product                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0indomethacin product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketoprofen                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ketotifen                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lamictal 25mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0liothyronine                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lithium product                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0lyrica 25mg capsule                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0meloxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mesren mr 400mg m/r tablet                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0methylprednisolone                                              
## elevmeds_ctgry.0micropirin 75mg e/c tablet                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0migril tablet                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 15mg tablet                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0mobic 7.5mg tablet                                              
## elevmeds_ctgry.0modafinil                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nabumetone                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0napratec tablet combination pack                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naprosyn 250mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0naproxen                                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0neurontin 100mg capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0norditropin(epr) 12iu(4mg) injection (pdr for recon)+diluent    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nuelin 125mg tablet                                          .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0nurofen 200mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0orphenadrine                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oruvail 100 m/r capsule                                         
## elevmeds_ctgry.0oxcarbazepine                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0piroxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0ponstan 250mg capsule                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednesol 5mg tablet                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone                                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisolone product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0prednisone                                                      
## elevmeds_ctgry.0priadel 200mg m/r tablet                                        
## elevmeds_ctgry.0provigil 100mg tablet                                           
## elevmeds_ctgry.0pseudoephedrine                                                 
## elevmeds_ctgry.0salicylic acid product                                          
## elevmeds_ctgry.0slo-phyllin 60mg m/r capsule                                    
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium thyroxine                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0sodium valproate                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0somatropin                                                   *  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0surgam 200mg tablet                                             
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tacrolimus monohydrate 0.03% ointment                        .  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0tenoxicam                                                       
## elevmeds_ctgry.0theophylline product                                            
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine product                                               
## elevmeds_ctgry.0thyroxine sodium                                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0triamcinolone                                                   
## elevmeds_ctgry.0volsaid retard 75mg m/r tablet                                  
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltaren retard 100mg m/r tablet                                
## elevmeds_ctgry.0voltarene 25mg e/c tablet                                       
## mean_sbp.0                                                                   ***
## high_bp.0                                                                    ***
## htn_meds_count.0                                                                
## f.21003.0.0                                                                  ***
## f.31.0.0                                                                     ***
## angina.0                                                                     ***
## heartattack.0                                                                ***
## f.2443.0.0                                                                   ***
## depr_l.0                                                                     ***
## f.21001.0.0                                                                  ***
## mean_hr.0                                                                    ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.5728 on 41293 degrees of freedom
##   (461085 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1063, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1038 
## F-statistic:  42.7 on 115 and 41293 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit888)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.09680388

Diseases

partcipants with and without depression at initial assessment (f.20002 codes “depression” = 1286)

### participants with/without depression history only
# prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0") 
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0") # without depr_l.0

# depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, depr_l.0 != 1)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit9 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit9)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -1.9643 -0.6463 -0.3043  0.3846  5.6899 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -2.457e-14  1.836e-03   0.000  1.00000    
## mean_sbp.0       -6.869e-02  2.069e-03 -33.195  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0         4.558e-02  2.416e-03  18.862  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -7.964e-03  2.568e-03  -3.101  0.00193 ** 
## f.21003.0.0      -1.611e-01  1.993e-03 -80.816  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -6.091e-02  1.888e-03 -32.267  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0          6.682e-02  2.031e-03  32.896  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     2.340e-02  2.012e-03  11.630  < 2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0        2.915e-02  1.919e-03  15.193  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       7.384e-02  1.962e-03  37.646  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         5.184e-02  1.892e-03  27.401  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9737 on 281322 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05187,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.05183 
## F-statistic:  1539 on 10 and 281322 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit9)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.270557         1.732327         1.956795         1.178741 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.057092         1.224202         1.201171         1.092099 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.141652         1.062029
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, depr_l.0 == 1)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl_fit10 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit10)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.1292 -0.7513 -0.1610  0.5064  3.2209 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -1.941e-16  6.450e-03   0.000 1.000000    
## mean_sbp.0       -5.201e-02  7.230e-03  -7.194 6.49e-13 ***
## high_bp.0         4.458e-02  8.385e-03   5.317 1.07e-07 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  5.655e-03  9.173e-03   0.616 0.537599    
## f.21003.0.0      -1.820e-01  6.998e-03 -26.014  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0          4.043e-02  6.617e-03   6.110 1.01e-09 ***
## angina.0          5.597e-02  7.495e-03   7.467 8.49e-14 ***
## heartattack.0     2.092e-02  7.262e-03   2.881 0.003968 ** 
## f.2443.0.0        2.394e-02  6.810e-03   3.515 0.000441 ***
## f.21001.0.0       8.879e-02  6.942e-03  12.791  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         9.190e-02  6.629e-03  13.863  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9662 on 22427 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.06687,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.06645 
## F-statistic: 160.7 on 10 and 22427 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit10)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.256243         1.689753         2.022395         1.176938 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.052233         1.350150         1.267455         1.114657 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.158139         1.056163
# well-being
outcome <- "wb.0"
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, depr_l.0 != 1)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit11 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit11)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.6103 -0.6176  0.0189  0.6477  3.6671 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -8.232e-16  2.801e-03   0.000    1.000    
## mean_sbp.0        5.767e-02  3.150e-03  18.306  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0        -5.544e-02  3.702e-03 -14.979  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  5.722e-03  3.921e-03   1.459    0.145    
## f.21003.0.0       1.760e-01  3.041e-03  57.875  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -2.158e-02  2.871e-03  -7.516 5.68e-14 ***
## angina.0         -4.990e-02  3.071e-03 -16.246  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0    -2.418e-02  3.044e-03  -7.944 1.97e-15 ***
## f.2443.0.0       -3.659e-02  2.922e-03 -12.521  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -8.099e-02  2.992e-03 -27.064  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -4.689e-02  2.888e-03 -16.236  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9732 on 120725 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05295,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.05287 
## F-statistic: 674.9 on 10 and 120725 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit11)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.265033         1.746568         1.960026         1.178904 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.050388         1.202402         1.181322         1.088550 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.141535         1.063428
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, depr_l.0 == 1)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl_fit12 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit12)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -4.4687 -0.5033  0.0649  0.6018  3.5066 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       1.563e-16  9.904e-03   0.000   1.0000    
## mean_sbp.0        5.877e-02  1.113e-02   5.280 1.32e-07 ***
## high_bp.0        -8.172e-02  1.312e-02  -6.229 4.89e-10 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  2.711e-02  1.400e-02   1.937   0.0528 .  
## f.21003.0.0       2.370e-01  1.072e-02  22.100  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -9.622e-02  1.012e-02  -9.506  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0         -4.845e-02  1.126e-02  -4.305 1.69e-05 ***
## heartattack.0    -2.503e-02  1.103e-02  -2.270   0.0232 *  
## f.2443.0.0       -4.864e-02  1.040e-02  -4.676 2.97e-06 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -9.740e-02  1.073e-02  -9.076  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -8.183e-02  1.016e-02  -8.051 9.22e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9469 on 9129 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1044, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1034 
## F-statistic: 106.4 on 10 and 9129 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit12)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.262983         1.754175         1.996952         1.172280 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.044376         1.291394         1.239900         1.103098 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.173793         1.052887
## longitudinal
# prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.2, wb.2, phq9.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0") 
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0") # without depr_l.0

# depressive mood
outcome <- "phq9.0"
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, depr_l.0 != 1)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, phq9.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit13 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit13)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -1.8004 -0.6157 -0.2880  0.3032  7.1020 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -3.078e-14  3.154e-03   0.000 1.000000    
## mean_sbp.0       -5.153e-02  3.604e-03 -14.297  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0         3.496e-02  4.237e-03   8.251  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -7.025e-03  4.389e-03  -1.601 0.109483    
## f.21003.0.0      -1.522e-01  3.406e-03 -44.685  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -7.933e-02  3.269e-03 -24.269  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0          4.242e-02  3.413e-03  12.430  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     1.293e-02  3.401e-03   3.801 0.000144 ***
## f.2443.0.0        1.620e-02  3.258e-03   4.973 6.62e-07 ***
## f.21001.0.0       1.260e-01  3.373e-03  37.344  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         2.941e-02  3.255e-03   9.037  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9729 on 95138 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05348,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.05338 
## F-statistic: 537.5 on 10 and 95138 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit13)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.305458         1.804429         1.936420         1.166284 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.073875         1.170724         1.162751         1.067042 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.143746         1.064839
dat_filtered <- filter(dat, depr_l.0 == 1)
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat_filtered, phq9.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
mdl_fit14 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit14)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -1.9605 -0.6982 -0.2370  0.4720  3.8772 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -3.067e-16  1.155e-02   0.000 1.000000    
## mean_sbp.0       -4.531e-02  1.306e-02  -3.471 0.000522 ***
## high_bp.0         3.274e-02  1.543e-02   2.121 0.033935 *  
## htn_meds_count.0  1.275e-02  1.611e-02   0.791 0.428839    
## f.21003.0.0      -1.656e-01  1.240e-02 -13.359  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -3.328e-03  1.185e-02  -0.281 0.778893    
## angina.0          1.874e-02  1.272e-02   1.474 0.140498    
## heartattack.0     1.524e-02  1.246e-02   1.223 0.221242    
## f.2443.0.0        2.878e-02  1.207e-02   2.384 0.017130 *  
## f.21001.0.0       1.761e-01  1.252e-02  14.066  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         5.679e-02  1.192e-02   4.764 1.94e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9621 on 6930 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.07577,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.07443 
## F-statistic: 56.81 on 10 and 6930 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit14)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.277998         1.786232         1.946834         1.152076 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.053194         1.212431         1.163855         1.091977 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.175158         1.065684

partcipants without/with severe diseases only

# partcipants without/with severe diseases only
## NO DISEASES
### prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, 
                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0, excl.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)
d <- subset(dat, excl.0 != "excluded")
# define predictors and covariates
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", 
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(d, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, 
                                                     mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.4964 -0.5965 -0.2817  0.3644  5.4122 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -7.800e-15  1.902e-03   0.000        1    
## f.21003.0.0   -1.681e-01  1.916e-03 -87.706   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -5.522e-02  1.931e-03 -28.599   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  1.843e-02  1.923e-03   9.583   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0     2.700e-02  1.944e-03  13.888   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0       2.573e-01  1.913e-03 134.506   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    6.977e-02  1.958e-03  35.634   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      4.432e-02  1.947e-03  22.758   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9407 on 244637 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1152, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1151 
## F-statistic:  4548 on 7 and 244637 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit_d.0_excl0 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_d.0_excl0)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.4016 -0.5963 -0.2785  0.3622  5.4122 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -8.387e-15  1.898e-03   0.000        1    
## mean_sbp.0       -6.312e-02  2.165e-03 -29.157   <2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0         5.001e-02  2.580e-03  19.389   <2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -2.228e-02  2.590e-03  -8.603   <2e-16 ***
## f.21003.0.0      -1.525e-01  2.061e-03 -74.018   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -4.834e-02  1.952e-03 -24.764   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     1.937e-02  1.976e-03   9.806   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0        2.447e-02  1.973e-03  12.403   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0          2.554e-01  1.912e-03 133.562   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       7.353e-02  2.022e-03  36.364   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         4.625e-02  1.953e-03  23.679   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9388 on 244634 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1187, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1187 
## F-statistic:  3295 on 10 and 244634 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit_d.0_excl0)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.300796         1.847056         1.861980         1.178606 
##         f.31.0.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0         depr_l.0 
##         1.057907         1.083536         1.080108         1.014649 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.135113         1.059156
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit_d.0_excl0)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.00355593
# well-being
outcome <- c("wb.0")
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(d, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, 
                                                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                                                     depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.4837 -0.6094  0.0191  0.6365  4.0963 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -2.006e-17  2.971e-03   0.000        1    
## f.21003.0.0    1.855e-01  2.991e-03  62.023  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -2.585e-02  3.016e-03  -8.571  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0 -1.689e-02  3.001e-03  -5.628 1.83e-08 ***
## f.2443.0.0    -4.284e-02  3.036e-03 -14.112  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0      -1.518e-01  2.987e-03 -50.807  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0   -8.232e-02  3.057e-03 -26.928  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0     -4.350e-02  3.045e-03 -14.287  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9625 on 104922 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.07374,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.07368 
## F-statistic:  1193 on 7 and 104922 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit_wb.0_excl0 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_wb.0_excl0)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.5501 -0.6049  0.0193  0.6346  4.0060 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -9.238e-16  2.965e-03   0.000        1    
## mean_sbp.0        5.781e-02  3.372e-03  17.141  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0        -6.389e-02  4.057e-03 -15.749  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  2.144e-02  4.066e-03   5.271 1.36e-07 ***
## f.21003.0.0       1.737e-01  3.216e-03  54.011  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -2.936e-02  3.040e-03  -9.657  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0    -1.771e-02  3.082e-03  -5.747 9.11e-09 ***
## f.2443.0.0       -3.880e-02  3.077e-03 -12.612  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0         -1.504e-01  2.985e-03 -50.395  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -8.245e-02  3.161e-03 -26.080  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -4.391e-02  3.052e-03 -14.384  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9604 on 104919 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.07765,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.07756 
## F-statistic: 883.2 on 10 and 104919 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit_wb.0_excl0)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.293675         1.871889         1.881023         1.176461 
##         f.31.0.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0         depr_l.0 
##         1.051512         1.080652         1.076772         1.013415 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.136926         1.059894
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit_wb.0_excl0)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.003878145
## ONLY DISEASES
### prepare data
d <- subset(dat, excl.0 == "excluded")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(d, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, 
                                                     mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.3988 -0.6182 -0.2511  0.4246  4.3344 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -3.350e-15  3.804e-03   0.000        1    
## f.21003.0.0   -1.776e-01  3.890e-03 -45.659   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -3.280e-02  3.920e-03  -8.368   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  5.646e-02  3.948e-03  14.302   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0     4.974e-02  3.963e-03  12.552   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0       2.819e-01  3.838e-03  73.437   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    7.475e-02  3.945e-03  18.945   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      6.610e-02  3.892e-03  16.983   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9251 on 59118 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1444, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1443 
## F-statistic:  1425 on 7 and 59118 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit_d.0_excl1 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_d.0_excl1)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.5187 -0.6141 -0.2519  0.4211  4.3827 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -3.127e-15  3.794e-03   0.000        1    
## mean_sbp.0       -5.514e-02  4.144e-03 -13.307  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0         3.711e-02  4.658e-03   7.967 1.65e-15 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  2.788e-02  5.095e-03   5.471 4.48e-08 ***
## f.21003.0.0      -1.741e-01  4.140e-03 -42.048  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -3.284e-02  3.942e-03  -8.330  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     4.196e-02  4.145e-03  10.121  < 2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0        3.959e-02  4.028e-03   9.828  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0          2.796e-01  3.832e-03  72.976  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       6.900e-02  4.089e-03  16.872  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         7.041e-02  3.917e-03  17.974  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9226 on 59115 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1489, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1487 
## F-statistic:  1034 on 10 and 59115 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit_d.0_excl1)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.192616         1.507274         1.802748         1.190316 
##         f.31.0.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0         depr_l.0 
##         1.079411         1.193594         1.127181         1.019832 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.161569         1.065743
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit_d.0_excl1)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.004484996
# well-being
outcome <- c("wb.0")
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(d, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0, 
                                                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                                                     depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -5.6411 -0.5638  0.0265  0.6210  3.4142 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    2.223e-15  5.968e-03   0.000        1    
## f.21003.0.0    2.043e-01  6.092e-03  33.527  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -3.291e-02  6.139e-03  -5.361 8.33e-08 ***
## heartattack.0 -6.357e-02  6.179e-03 -10.288  < 2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0    -4.714e-02  6.214e-03  -7.586 3.42e-14 ***
## depr_l.0      -2.021e-01  6.023e-03 -33.563  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0   -8.469e-02  6.181e-03 -13.702  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0     -6.047e-02  6.100e-03  -9.913  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9427 on 24938 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1116, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1114 
## F-statistic: 447.5 on 7 and 24938 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit_wb.0_excl1 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_wb.0_excl1)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -5.5531 -0.5638  0.0262  0.6179  3.4081 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       2.449e-15  5.955e-03   0.000   1.0000    
## mean_sbp.0        4.586e-02  6.498e-03   7.058 1.74e-12 ***
## high_bp.0        -4.524e-02  7.295e-03  -6.201 5.69e-10 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -2.436e-02  7.989e-03  -3.049   0.0023 ** 
## f.21003.0.0       2.033e-01  6.509e-03  31.229  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -3.069e-02  6.173e-03  -4.971 6.70e-07 ***
## heartattack.0    -4.999e-02  6.469e-03  -7.727 1.14e-14 ***
## f.2443.0.0       -3.711e-02  6.318e-03  -5.874 4.30e-09 ***
## depr_l.0         -2.008e-01  6.013e-03 -33.391  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -7.690e-02  6.422e-03 -11.976  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -6.372e-02  6.144e-03 -10.371  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9405 on 24935 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1158, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1154 
## F-statistic: 326.5 on 10 and 24935 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit_wb.0_excl1)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.190562         1.500838         1.799650         1.194699 
##         f.31.0.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0         depr_l.0 
##         1.074517         1.180277         1.125705         1.019527 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.162886         1.064421
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit_wb.0_excl1)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.004087021

Exploratory analyses

Moderation analysis: Developing HTN

How does the relationship between SBP and depression differ between people who become hypertensive and those who don’t?

Inclusion: Participants who were not hypertensive at baseline. 1. HTN is defined as HTN diagnosis or intake of antiHTN meds at baseline. 2. Change ifelse statement below to also define SBP>140 mmHg as criterion for hypertension.

## 
## No HTN    HTN 
## 315582 156052
## 
## No HTN    HTN 
##  26468  11563
## 
## No HTN 
## 315582
## 
## No HTN    HTN 
##  22292   3699
## `summarise()` ungrouping output (override with `.groups` argument)
hypertension.2 n
0 22292
1 3287
## Warning: `funs()` was deprecated in dplyr 0.8.0.
## Please use a list of either functions or lambdas: 
## 
##   # Simple named list: 
##   list(mean = mean, median = median)
## 
##   # Auto named with `tibble::lst()`: 
##   tibble::lst(mean, median)
## 
##   # Using lambdas
##   list(~ mean(., trim = .2), ~ median(., na.rm = TRUE))
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was generated.

## Warning in table1.formula(~mean_sbp.0 + mean_sbp.2 + depr_c.0 + depr_c.2 + :
## Terms to the right of '|' in formula 'x' define table columns and are expected
## to be factors with meaningful labels.
No HTN
(N=22292)
HTN
(N=3699)
Overall
(N=315582)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 130 (15.3) 148 (18.7) 134 (17.6)
Median [Min, Max] 129 [84.0, 213] 147 [94.0, 237] 133 [65.0, 253]
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 135 (17.9) 143 (18.0) 136 (18.1)
Median [Min, Max] 134 [77.5, 231] 143 [93.0, 224] 135 [77.5, 231]
Missing 0 (0%) 412 (11.1%) 290003 (91.9%)
Current depressive symptoms
Mean (SD) 1.33 (0.446) 1.33 (0.455) 1.38 (0.508)
Median [Min, Max] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00]
Missing 1522 (6.8%) 267 (7.2%) 31814 (10.1%)
Current depressive symptoms (2nd follow-up)
Mean (SD) 1.29 (0.431) 1.31 (0.441) 1.29 (0.433)
Median [Min, Max] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00]
Missing 1416 (6.4%) 239 (6.5%) 284341 (90.1%)
Well-being
Mean (SD) 4.55 (0.532) 4.54 (0.553) 4.49 (0.568)
Median [Min, Max] 4.50 [1.00, 6.00] 4.50 [2.33, 6.00] 4.50 [1.00, 6.00]
Missing 14075 (63.1%) 2472 (66.8%) 198999 (63.1%)
Well-being (2nd follow-up)
Mean (SD) 4.64 (0.539) 4.60 (0.536) 4.64 (0.538)
Median [Min, Max] 4.67 [1.00, 6.00] 4.60 [1.40, 6.00] 4.67 [1.00, 6.00]
Missing 122 (0.5%) 28 (0.8%) 282406 (89.5%)
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  d$mean_sbp.0 by factor(d$hypertension.2)
## t = -53.315, df = 4553.6, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group No HTN and group HTN is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -17.90287 -16.63293
## sample estimates:
## mean in group No HTN    mean in group HTN 
##             130.3298             147.5977
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  ukb_lbl$depr_c.0 by factor(ukb_lbl$hypertension.2)
## t = -3.6918, df = 19514, p-value = 0.0002233
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group No HTN and group HTN is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.030638782 -0.009387438
## sample estimates:
## mean in group No HTN    mean in group HTN 
##             1.330789             1.350802
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  d$depr_c.0 by factor(d$hypertension.2)
## t = -0.73832, df = 4585.9, p-value = 0.4604
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group No HTN and group HTN is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.02256193  0.01021720
## sample estimates:
## mean in group No HTN    mean in group HTN 
##             1.327817             1.333989
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  d$wb.0 by factor(d$hypertension.2)
## t = 0.66154, df = 1583.8, p-value = 0.5084
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group No HTN and group HTN is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.02189931  0.04418850
## sample estimates:
## mean in group No HTN    mean in group HTN 
##             4.546651             4.535507
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = depr_c.0 ~ hypertension.2, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Current depressive symptoms 
## VALUES:
## -0.33399, -0.32782, -0.07782, 0.17218, 2.67218
## 
## Coefficients:
##                   Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       1.327817   0.003102 428.097   <2e-16 ***
## hypertension.2HTN 0.006172   0.008237   0.749    0.454    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.447 on 24200 degrees of freedom
##   (291380 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  2.321e-05,  Adjusted R-squared:  -1.812e-05 
## F-statistic: 0.5616 on 1 and 24200 DF,  p-value: 0.4536
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = depr_c.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 + hypertension.2, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Current depressive symptoms 
## VALUES:
## -0.50845, -0.31548, -0.1166, 0.16425, 2.77064
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)        1.7680332  0.0237186  74.542  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_sbp.0        -0.0033772  0.0001804 -18.718  < 2e-16 ***
## hypertension.2HTN  0.0646316  0.0087538   7.383 1.59e-13 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.4438 on 24199 degrees of freedom
##   (291380 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0143, Adjusted R-squared:  0.01421 
## F-statistic: 175.5 on 2 and 24199 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = wb.0 ~ hypertension.2, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Well-being 
## VALUES:
## -3.5467, -0.3688, -0.0355, 0.2978, 1.4645
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)        4.546651   0.005901 770.479   <2e-16 ***
## hypertension.2HTN -0.011145   0.016371  -0.681    0.496    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.5349 on 9442 degrees of freedom
##   (306138 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  4.908e-05,  Adjusted R-squared:  -5.683e-05 
## F-statistic: 0.4634 on 1 and 9442 DF,  p-value: 0.4961
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = wb.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 + hypertension.2, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
## LABEL: Well-being 
## VALUES:
## -3.5293, -0.3479, -9e-04, 0.3486, 1.5346
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)        4.1742629  0.0456801  91.380  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_sbp.0         0.0028401  0.0003455   8.220 2.29e-16 ***
## hypertension.2HTN -0.0632575  0.0175024  -3.614 0.000303 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.533 on 9441 degrees of freedom
##   (306138 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.007156,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.006945 
## F-statistic: 34.02 on 2 and 9441 DF,  p-value: 1.895e-15

## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = depr_c.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -1.4434 -0.6451 -0.3080  0.3460  6.4105 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                0.005151   0.006626   0.777   0.4370    
## mean_sbp.0                -0.081259   0.007379 -11.012  < 2e-16 ***
## hypertension.2             0.060468   0.007857   7.696 1.46e-14 ***
## f.21003.0.0               -0.143208   0.006645 -21.551  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                  -0.075182   0.006514 -11.542  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0                0.087674   0.006488  13.513  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 -0.014437   0.005905  -2.445   0.0145 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9769 on 24177 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.04587,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.04563 
## F-statistic: 193.7 on 6 and 24177 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
##                mean_sbp.0            hypertension.2               f.21003.0.0 
##                  1.379655                  1.564320                  1.118865 
##                  f.31.0.0               f.21001.0.0 mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 
##                  1.075045                  1.066709                  1.505678
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = depr_c.2 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -1.3831 -0.6349 -0.3216  0.2859  6.6839 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                0.001707   0.006638   0.257    0.797    
## mean_sbp.0                -0.060690   0.007394  -8.208 2.37e-16 ***
## hypertension.2             0.051682   0.007863   6.573 5.04e-11 ***
## f.21003.0.0               -0.135421   0.006646 -20.377  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                  -0.071522   0.006523 -10.964  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0                0.079181   0.006502  12.177  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 -0.004782   0.005912  -0.809    0.419    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9813 on 24309 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.03722,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.03698 
## F-statistic: 156.6 on 6 and 24309 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = wb.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.7755 -0.6211  0.0049  0.6399  3.1409 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)               -0.006305   0.010649  -0.592  0.55382    
## mean_sbp.0                 0.060239   0.011745   5.129 2.98e-07 ***
## hypertension.2            -0.042817   0.013043  -3.283  0.00103 ** 
## f.21003.0.0                0.163504   0.010640  15.368  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                  -0.028568   0.010388  -2.750  0.00597 ** 
## f.21001.0.0               -0.102127   0.010403  -9.817  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2  0.017408   0.009600   1.813  0.06981 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9775 on 9425 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0451, Adjusted R-squared:  0.04449 
## F-statistic: 74.19 on 6 and 9425 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
##                mean_sbp.0            hypertension.2               f.21003.0.0 
##                  1.361630                  1.678995                  1.117304 
##                  f.31.0.0               f.21001.0.0 mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 
##                  1.065006                  1.068118                  1.600867
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = wb.2 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.5780 -0.6371  0.0250  0.6268  2.8604 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)               -0.0005987  0.0064422  -0.093    0.926    
## mean_sbp.0                 0.0515916  0.0071698   7.196 6.38e-13 ***
## hypertension.2            -0.0582252  0.0076318  -7.629 2.44e-14 ***
## f.21003.0.0                0.1580051  0.0064521  24.489  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                  -0.0059926  0.0063304  -0.947    0.344    
## f.21001.0.0               -0.0768508  0.0063132 -12.173  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2  0.0016828  0.0057508   0.293    0.770    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9816 on 25812 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.03678,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.03656 
## F-statistic: 164.3 on 6 and 25812 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = depr_c.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 + f.2443.0.0 + 
##     depr_l.0 + mean_hr.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.1567 -0.6017 -0.2718  0.3526  5.7812 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                0.003542   0.008104   0.437  0.66208    
## mean_sbp.0                -0.071490   0.009022  -7.924 2.46e-15 ***
## hypertension.2             0.053769   0.009484   5.670 1.46e-08 ***
## f.21003.0.0               -0.153340   0.008136 -18.847  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                  -0.055320   0.008047  -6.875 6.45e-12 ***
## f.21001.0.0                0.072458   0.008054   8.997  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0                   0.020284   0.007766   2.612  0.00901 ** 
## heartattack.0              0.004565   0.007764   0.588  0.55657    
## f.2443.0.0                 0.014041   0.007736   1.815  0.06955 .  
## depr_l.0                   0.260520   0.007715  33.768  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0                  0.021471   0.007900   2.718  0.00658 ** 
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 -0.009885   0.007303  -1.353  0.17594    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9371 on 14914 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1226, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1219 
## F-statistic: 189.4 on 11 and 14914 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
##                mean_sbp.0            hypertension.2               f.21003.0.0 
##                  1.383461                  1.528759                  1.125134 
##                  f.31.0.0               f.21001.0.0                  angina.0 
##                  1.100535                  1.102439                  1.025064 
##             heartattack.0                f.2443.0.0                  depr_l.0 
##                  1.024509                  1.017333                  1.011712 
##                 mean_hr.0 mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 
##                  1.060749                  1.454837
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = depr_c.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0 + f.2443.0.0 + mean_hr.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -1.4265 -0.6448 -0.3045  0.3474  6.4039 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                0.004900   0.006622   0.740  0.45936    
## mean_sbp.0                -0.082849   0.007393 -11.207  < 2e-16 ***
## hypertension.2             0.057812   0.007872   7.344 2.13e-13 ***
## f.21003.0.0               -0.142980   0.006646 -21.514  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                  -0.070994   0.006595 -10.765  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0                0.081798   0.006582  12.428  < 2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0                 0.017331   0.006318   2.743  0.00609 ** 
## mean_hr.0                  0.028594   0.006461   4.426 9.65e-06 ***
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 -0.013735   0.005904  -2.326  0.02002 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9764 on 24175 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.04698,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.04666 
## F-statistic:   149 on 8 and 24175 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
##                mean_sbp.0            hypertension.2               f.21003.0.0 
##                  1.386279                  1.571779                  1.120357 
##                  f.31.0.0               f.21001.0.0                f.2443.0.0 
##                  1.103342                  1.098819                  1.012547 
##                 mean_hr.0 mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 
##                  1.058812                  1.506697
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = depr_c.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 + f.2443.0.0 + 
##     depr_l.0 + mean_hr.0 + f.738.0.0 + education.0 + ethn.0 + 
##     f.1200.0.0 + f.54.0.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.2240 -0.5792 -0.2193  0.3529  5.8053 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                0.0022522  0.0081523   0.276 0.782345    
## mean_sbp.0                -0.0674930  0.0090656  -7.445 1.03e-13 ***
## hypertension.2             0.0444104  0.0095995   4.626 3.76e-06 ***
## f.21003.0.0               -0.1813282  0.0084307 -21.508  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                  -0.0157477  0.0082627  -1.906 0.056685 .  
## f.21001.0.0                0.0641021  0.0081124   7.902 2.95e-15 ***
## angina.0                   0.0189282  0.0078302   2.417 0.015647 *  
## heartattack.0              0.0009824  0.0078261   0.126 0.900109    
## f.2443.0.0                 0.0168437  0.0077849   2.164 0.030509 *  
## depr_l.0                   0.2399710  0.0077924  30.796  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0                  0.0191593  0.0079528   2.409 0.016004 *  
## f.738.0.0                 -0.0615148  0.0080243  -7.666 1.89e-14 ***
## education.0                0.0004389  0.0077324   0.057 0.954733    
## ethn.0                    -0.0286776  0.0077771  -3.687 0.000227 ***
## f.1200.0.0                 0.2134941  0.0078419  27.225  < 2e-16 ***
## f.54.0.0                  -0.0044194  0.0077552  -0.570 0.568785    
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 -0.0062665  0.0073371  -0.854 0.393070    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9115 on 13946 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1701, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1691 
## F-statistic: 178.6 on 16 and 13946 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = depr_c.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0 + f.2443.0.0 + mean_hr.0 + f.738.0.0 + 
##     education.0 + ethn.0 + f.1200.0.0 + f.54.0.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -1.8501 -0.6092 -0.2500  0.3513  6.3508 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                0.0034600  0.0066333   0.522  0.60194    
## mean_sbp.0                -0.0787271  0.0073982 -10.641  < 2e-16 ***
## hypertension.2             0.0489265  0.0079394   6.162 7.28e-10 ***
## f.21003.0.0               -0.1778025  0.0068475 -25.966  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                  -0.0267355  0.0067336  -3.970 7.20e-05 ***
## f.21001.0.0                0.0741233  0.0066021  11.227  < 2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0                 0.0180158  0.0063267   2.848  0.00441 ** 
## mean_hr.0                  0.0254695  0.0064754   3.933 8.40e-05 ***
## f.738.0.0                 -0.0664948  0.0065254 -10.190  < 2e-16 ***
## education.0               -0.0004877  0.0063003  -0.077  0.93830    
## ethn.0                    -0.0291965  0.0063292  -4.613 3.99e-06 ***
## f.1200.0.0                 0.2308627  0.0063823  36.173  < 2e-16 ***
## f.54.0.0                  -0.0051295  0.0063099  -0.813  0.41626    
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 -0.0096405  0.0059023  -1.633  0.10241    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9468 on 22674 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.104,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.1035 
## F-statistic: 202.5 on 13 and 22674 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = depr_c.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0 + angina.0 + f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + 
##     mean_hr.0 + f.738.0.0 + ethn.0 + f.1200.0.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.2667 -0.5779 -0.2194  0.3511  5.7890 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                0.002466   0.007893   0.312  0.75474    
## mean_sbp.0                -0.069426   0.008787  -7.901 2.95e-15 ***
## hypertension.2             0.046437   0.009236   5.028 5.02e-07 ***
## f.21003.0.0               -0.182932   0.008210 -22.282  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                  -0.015396   0.007989  -1.927  0.05398 .  
## f.21001.0.0                0.066286   0.007846   8.449  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0                   0.017926   0.007486   2.395  0.01664 *  
## f.2443.0.0                 0.014689   0.007540   1.948  0.05143 .  
## depr_l.0                   0.241038   0.007544  31.949  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0                  0.019870   0.007697   2.581  0.00985 ** 
## f.738.0.0                 -0.062777   0.007805  -8.043 9.40e-16 ***
## ethn.0                    -0.026992   0.007516  -3.591  0.00033 ***
## f.1200.0.0                 0.211271   0.007601  27.794  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 -0.006880   0.007113  -0.967  0.33342    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9113 on 14868 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1703, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1696 
## F-statistic: 234.8 on 13 and 14868 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = wb.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 + f.2443.0.0 + 
##     depr_l.0 + mean_hr.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.0087 -0.6177  0.0117  0.6253  3.5827 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)               -0.008128   0.013103  -0.620 0.535098    
## mean_sbp.0                 0.053829   0.014381   3.743 0.000183 ***
## hypertension.2            -0.035324   0.015859  -2.227 0.025956 *  
## f.21003.0.0                0.171929   0.013118  13.107  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                  -0.045037   0.012909  -3.489 0.000489 ***
## f.21001.0.0               -0.086050   0.013018  -6.610 4.17e-11 ***
## angina.0                  -0.005900   0.012504  -0.472 0.637061    
## heartattack.0              0.013444   0.012500   1.075 0.282211    
## f.2443.0.0                 0.016036   0.012473   1.286 0.198602    
## depr_l.0                  -0.145702   0.012459 -11.695  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0                 -0.033089   0.012740  -2.597 0.009420 ** 
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2  0.022697   0.011950   1.899 0.057559 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9642 on 6049 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.07205,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.07037 
## F-statistic:  42.7 on 11 and 6049 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
##                mean_sbp.0            hypertension.2               f.21003.0.0 
##                  1.348127                  1.639413                  1.121665 
##                  f.31.0.0               f.21001.0.0                  angina.0 
##                  1.086275                  1.104676                  1.019144 
##             heartattack.0                f.2443.0.0                  depr_l.0 
##                  1.018589                  1.014122                  1.011875 
##                 mean_hr.0 mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 
##                  1.058033                  1.549808

Brain imaging: Hariri task

Faces-shapes contrast in amygdala mask vs. whole-brain mask

## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_boxplot).
## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_boxplot).

## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  ukb_lbl$f.25054.2.0 by factor(ukb_lbl$hypertension.2)
## t = 9.7966, df = 15129, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group No HTN and group HTN is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  0.0913556 0.1370569
## sample estimates:
## mean in group No HTN    mean in group HTN 
##             1.248595             1.134389
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  ukb_lbl$f.25050.2.0 by factor(ukb_lbl$hypertension.2)
## t = 14.528, df = 14888, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group No HTN and group HTN is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  0.2329510 0.3056172
## sample estimates:
## mean in group No HTN    mean in group HTN 
##             2.592095             2.322811
## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
## Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_boxplot).
## Warning: Removed 13671 rows containing non-finite values (stat_density2d).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 13671 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 13671 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 13671 rows containing non-finite values (stat_density2d).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 13671 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 13671 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_boxplot).
## Warning: Removed 472576 rows containing non-finite values (stat_density2d).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 472576 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 472576 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 13671 rows containing non-finite values (stat_density2d).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 13671 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 13671 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_boxplot).
## Warning: Removed 12243 rows containing non-finite values (stat_density2d).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 12243 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 12243 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 12243 rows containing non-finite values (stat_density2d).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 12243 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 12243 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).
## Warning: Removed 11334 rows containing non-finite values (stat_boxplot).
## Warning: Removed 476706 rows containing non-finite values (stat_density2d).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 476706 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 476706 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 12243 rows containing non-finite values (stat_density2d).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 12243 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 12243 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = f.25054.2.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.2956 -0.6328 -0.0083  0.6306  3.9202 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)               -0.006790   0.006831  -0.994  0.32019    
## mean_sbp.0                -0.036352   0.007362  -4.938 7.96e-07 ***
## hypertension.2            -0.033977   0.007416  -4.582 4.63e-06 ***
## f.21003.0.0               -0.134679   0.006759 -19.927  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                   0.070423   0.006532  10.782  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0                0.012920   0.006633   1.948  0.05145 .  
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2  0.017344   0.006604   2.626  0.00864 ** 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9862 on 24326 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0276, Adjusted R-squared:  0.02736 
## F-statistic: 115.1 on 6 and 24326 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
##                mean_sbp.0            hypertension.2               f.21003.0.0 
##                  1.355993                  1.375702                  1.142723 
##                  f.31.0.0               f.21001.0.0 mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2 
##                  1.067230                  1.100675                  1.194138
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = f.25050.2.0 ~ mean_sbp.0 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.0.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.0.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -5.4243 -0.6338  0.0146  0.6491  3.5827 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)               -0.003181   0.006747  -0.472    0.637    
## mean_sbp.0                -0.032094   0.007272  -4.413 1.02e-05 ***
## hypertension.2            -0.030490   0.007325  -4.163 3.16e-05 ***
## f.21003.0.0               -0.192935   0.006676 -28.901  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                   0.062999   0.006451   9.765  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0               -0.057097   0.006552  -8.715  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2  0.008126   0.006523   1.246    0.213    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9741 on 24326 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05131,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.05108 
## F-statistic: 219.3 on 6 and 24326 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = f.25054.2.0 ~ mean_sbp.2 * hypertension.2 + f.21003.2.0 + 
##     f.31.0.0 + f.21001.2.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.3495 -0.6354 -0.0030  0.6316  3.9713 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)               -0.002389   0.006297  -0.379   0.7044    
## mean_sbp.2                -0.041289   0.006702  -6.160 7.36e-10 ***
## hypertension.2            -0.029559   0.006751  -4.379 1.20e-05 ***
## f.21003.2.0               -0.137841   0.006647 -20.737  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                   0.071340   0.006317  11.293  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.2.0               -0.001720   0.006480  -0.265   0.7907    
## mean_sbp.2:hypertension.2  0.011851   0.006377   1.858   0.0631 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9854 on 25546 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.02913,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.0289 
## F-statistic: 127.7 on 6 and 25546 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
##                mean_sbp.2            hypertension.2               f.21003.2.0 
##                  1.181984                  1.199176                  1.162612 
##                  f.31.0.0               f.21001.2.0 mean_sbp.2:hypertension.2 
##                  1.049994                  1.104810                  1.064742
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = f.25050.2.0 ~ mean_sbp.2 * hypertension.2 + htn_meds_count.2 + 
##     f.21003.2.0 + f.31.0.0 + f.21001.2.0, data = d_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -5.3413 -0.6278  0.0127  0.6450  4.0766 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)               -0.003112   0.006201  -0.502   0.6158    
## mean_sbp.2                -0.032164   0.006625  -4.855 1.21e-06 ***
## hypertension.2            -0.014321   0.011097  -1.291   0.1969    
## htn_meds_count.2          -0.016086   0.010924  -1.473   0.1409    
## f.21003.2.0               -0.210035   0.006582 -31.913  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0                   0.061963   0.006226   9.953  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.2.0               -0.072139   0.006413 -11.250  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_sbp.2:hypertension.2  0.015438   0.006287   2.455   0.0141 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9703 on 25545 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05874,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.05848 
## F-statistic: 227.7 on 7 and 25545 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Comprehensive overview of results with confidence intervals and forest plots:

# forest plots
# main results from replication
cfs = c("Systolic blood pressure" = "mean_sbp.0",
        "Diagnosed hypertension" = "high_bp.0",
        "No. antihypertensive medication" = "htn_meds_count.0",
        "Age" = "f.21003.0.0",
        "Gender" = "f.31.0.0",
        "Angina pectoris" = "angina.0",
        "Heart attack" = "heartattack.0",
        "Diabetes" = "f.2443.0.0",
        "Lifetime depression" = "depr_l.0",
        "BMI" = "f.21001.0.0",
        "Heart rate" = "mean_hr.0")
# for models with additional covariates
cfs_covs = c("Systolic blood pressure" = "mean_sbp.0",
        "Diagnosed hypertension" = "high_bp.0",
        "No. antihypertensive medication" = "htn_meds_count.0",
        "Age" = "f.21003.0.0",
        "Gender" = "f.31.0.0",
        "Angina pectoris" = "angina.0",
        "Heart attack" = "heartattack.0",
        "Diabetes" = "f.2443.0.0",
        "Lifetime depression" = "depr_l.0",
        "BMI" = "f.21001.0.0",
        "Heart rate" = "mean_hr.0",
        "Household income" = "f.738.0.0",
        "Education" = "education.0",
        "Ethnic background" = "ethn.0",
        "Insomnia" = "f.1200.0.0",
        "Assessment centre" = "f.54.0.0")


plot_summs(mdl_fit1, mdl_fit3,
           coefs = cfs, model.names = c("Depressive symptoms (baseline)", "Well-being (baseline)"),
           legend.title = "Outcomes",
           colors = "Qual1") + labs(x="Standardized Beta") + xlim(c(-0.2, 0.3)) +
                             theme(text = element_text(size=16),
                                    axis.text.x = element_text(size=14),
                                    axis.text.y = element_text(size=14),
                                   legend.position = "top"
                                   )
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'broom.mixed':
##   method         from 
##   augment.lme    broom
##   augment.merMod broom
##   glance.lme     broom
##   glance.merMod  broom
##   glance.stanreg broom
##   tidy.brmsfit   broom
##   tidy.gamlss    broom
##   tidy.lme       broom
##   tidy.merMod    broom
##   tidy.rjags     broom
##   tidy.stanfit   broom
##   tidy.stanreg   broom

ggsave("forest_plot.0.png", width = 14, height = 5, device='png', dpi=600)

plot_summs(mdl_fit1_covs, mdl_fit3_covs,
           coefs = cfs_covs, model.names = c("Depressive symptoms (baseline)", "Well-being (baseline)"),
           legend.title = "Outcomes",
           colors = "Qual1") + labs(x="Standardized Beta") + xlim(c(-0.2, 0.3)) +
                             theme(text = element_text(size=16),
                                    axis.text.x = element_text(size=14),
                                    axis.text.y = element_text(size=14),
                                   legend.position = "top"
                                   )

ggsave("forest_plot_covs.0.png", width = 14, height = 5, device='png', dpi=600)

plot_summs(mdl_fit4, mdl_fit6, mdl_fit5,
           coefs = cfs, model.names = c("Depressive symptoms (10y follow-up)", 
                                        "Well-being (10y follow-up)", "Depressive symptoms (6y follow-up)"),
           legend.title = "Outcomes",
           colors = "Qual1") + labs(x="Standardized Beta") + xlim(c(-0.2, 0.3)) +
                             theme(text = element_text(size=16),
                                     axis.text.x = element_text(size=14),
                                     axis.text.y = element_text(size=14),
                                     legend.position = "top")

ggsave("forest_plot.2s.png", width = 14, height = 5, device='png', dpi=600)


plot_summs(mdl_fit4, mdl_fit6,
           coefs = cfs, model.names = c("Depressive symptoms (10y follow-up)", 
                                        "Well-being (10y follow-up)"),
           legend.title = "Outcomes",
           colors = "Qual1") + labs(x="Standardized Beta") + xlim(c(-0.2, 0.3)) +
                              theme(text = element_text(size=16),
                                     axis.text.x = element_text(size=14),
                                     axis.text.y = element_text(size=14),
                                    legend.position = "top") 

ggsave("forest_plot.2.png", width = 14, height = 5, device='png', dpi=600)




# effects of antiHTN meds
plot_summs(mdl_fit7, mdl_fit8, 
           model.names = c("Depression baseline", "Well-being baseline"),
           colors = "Qual3")

# effects of antiDEPR meds
plot_summs(mdl_fit77, mdl_fit88,  
           model.names = c("Depression baseline", "Well-being baseline"),
           colors = "Qual3")

# subgroup analysis of people without/with antiDEPR meds
plot_summs(mdl_fit_depr_meds0, mdl_fit_depr_meds1, coefs = cfs, 
           model.names = c("Depression baseline: no antidepressants", 
                           "Depression baseline: antidepressants"))

# subgroup analysis of people without/with ANY meds
plot_summs(mdl_fit_meds0, mdl_fit_meds1, 
           model.names = c("Depression baseline: no meds", "Depression baseline: meds"))

# subgroup analysis of people without/with DEPRESSION
plot_summs(mdl_fit9, mdl_fit10, 
           model.names = c("Depression baseline: no depression", "Depression baseline: depression only"))

plot_summs(mdl_fit11, mdl_fit12, 
           model.names = c("Well-being baseline: no depression", "Well-being baseline: depression only"))

plot_summs(mdl_fit13, mdl_fit14, 
           model.names = c("PHQ9: no depression", "PHQ9: depression only"))

# subgroup analysis of people without/with DISEASES
plot_summs(mdl_fit_d.0_excl0, mdl_fit_wb.0_excl0, mdl_fit_d.0_excl1, mdl_fit_wb.0_excl1,
           coefs = cfs, 
           model.names = c("Depression baseline: no diseases", "Well-being baseline: no diseases", 
                           "Depression baseline: diseases", "Well-being baseline: diseases"), 
           colors = "Qual3")

summ(mdl_fit1, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 303771
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,303759) = 4094.282, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.129
## Adj. R² = 0.129 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.003    0.003    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.063   -0.067   -0.060   -33.170   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.043    0.039    0.047    19.341   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.006   -0.011   -0.001    -2.516   0.012
## f.21003.0.0              -0.156   -0.159   -0.152   -84.438   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.047   -0.051   -0.044   -27.028   0.000
## angina.0                  0.063    0.059    0.067    33.456   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.022    0.018    0.025    11.757   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.027    0.024    0.030    15.250   0.000
## depr_l.0                  0.264    0.261    0.267   154.831   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.072    0.069    0.076    39.905   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.054    0.051    0.058    31.131   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit1_covs, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 247271
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(16,247254) = 3609.976, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.189
## Adj. R² = 0.189 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 17 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.004    0.004     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.062   -0.066   -0.058   -30.001   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.034    0.029    0.039    14.129   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.011   -0.016   -0.006    -4.262   0.000
## f.21003.0.0              -0.192   -0.196   -0.188   -94.121   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.006   -0.009   -0.002    -3.021   0.003
## angina.0                  0.043    0.039    0.047    21.608   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.013    0.009    0.017     6.484   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.015    0.011    0.019     7.923   0.000
## depr_l.0                  0.245    0.241    0.248   133.637   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.060    0.056    0.064    31.039   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.044    0.040    0.048    23.481   0.000
## f.738.0.0                -0.084   -0.088   -0.080   -44.256   0.000
## education.0              -0.007   -0.011   -0.004    -3.999   0.000
## ethn.0                   -0.059   -0.062   -0.055   -31.725   0.000
## f.1200.0.0                0.224    0.221    0.228   121.800   0.000
## f.54.0.0                  0.013    0.009    0.016     7.032   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit2, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 340900
## Dependent Variable: depr_l.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,340889) = 491.152, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.014
## Adj. R² = 0.014 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.003    0.003     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.051   -0.055   -0.047   -26.672   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.009   -0.013   -0.004    -3.921   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.006   -0.011   -0.002    -2.727   0.006
## f.21003.0.0              -0.057   -0.060   -0.053   -30.720   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.057   -0.060   -0.054   -32.592   0.000
## angina.0                  0.015    0.011    0.019     7.898   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.003   -0.007    0.000    -1.738   0.082
## f.2443.0.0               -0.005   -0.008   -0.001    -2.712   0.007
## f.21001.0.0               0.048    0.045    0.052    26.691   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.018    0.014    0.021    10.198   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit3, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 129876
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,129864) = 1139.721, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.088
## Adj. R² = 0.088 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.005    0.005     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.057    0.051    0.063    18.990   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.057   -0.064   -0.050   -16.254   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.007    0.000    0.015     2.000   0.046
## f.21003.0.0               0.179    0.173    0.184    61.979   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.028   -0.033   -0.022   -10.179   0.000
## angina.0                 -0.049   -0.055   -0.044   -16.967   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.024   -0.029   -0.018    -8.248   0.000
## f.2443.0.0               -0.037   -0.042   -0.031   -13.331   0.000
## depr_l.0                 -0.166   -0.171   -0.161   -62.149   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.081   -0.087   -0.076   -28.679   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.050   -0.055   -0.045   -18.253   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit3_covs, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 106128
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(16,106111) = 1053.123, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.137
## Adj. R² = 0.137 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 17 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.006    0.006     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.055    0.049    0.061    16.954   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.045   -0.052   -0.037   -11.732   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.012    0.004    0.020     2.969   0.003
## f.21003.0.0               0.201    0.194    0.207    62.658   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.070   -0.076   -0.064   -23.356   0.000
## angina.0                 -0.039   -0.045   -0.033   -12.589   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.019   -0.025   -0.013    -6.112   0.000
## f.2443.0.0               -0.027   -0.033   -0.021    -9.129   0.000
## depr_l.0                 -0.149   -0.154   -0.143   -51.561   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.078   -0.084   -0.072   -25.514   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.037   -0.043   -0.032   -12.677   0.000
## f.738.0.0                 0.117    0.111    0.123    39.121   0.000
## education.0               0.029    0.023    0.035    10.144   0.000
## ethn.0                    0.066    0.060    0.072    22.168   0.000
## f.1200.0.0               -0.172   -0.177   -0.166   -59.140   0.000
## f.54.0.0                 -0.041   -0.047   -0.036   -14.191   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit4, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 28021
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.2
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,28009) = 259.210, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.092
## Adj. R² = 0.092 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.011    0.011    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.042   -0.055   -0.029    -6.461   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.029    0.014    0.044     3.749   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.006   -0.022    0.009    -0.810   0.418
## f.21003.0.0              -0.136   -0.148   -0.124   -22.208   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.059   -0.071   -0.048   -10.027   0.000
## angina.0                  0.033    0.021    0.045     5.319   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.018    0.006    0.030     3.011   0.003
## f.2443.0.0                0.018    0.007    0.029     3.080   0.002
## depr_l.0                  0.224    0.213    0.235    39.084   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.074    0.062    0.086    12.148   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.023    0.011    0.034     3.833   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit5, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 102090
## Dependent Variable: phq9.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,102078) = 1029.685, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.100
## Adj. R² = 0.100 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.006    0.006     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.049   -0.056   -0.042   -14.440   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.033    0.026    0.041     8.367   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.005   -0.013    0.003    -1.211   0.226
## f.21003.0.0              -0.149   -0.155   -0.143   -46.351   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.069   -0.075   -0.063   -22.536   0.000
## angina.0                  0.039    0.033    0.045    12.080   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.012    0.006    0.019     3.889   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.017    0.011    0.023     5.578   0.000
## depr_l.0                  0.197    0.191    0.203    65.784   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.128    0.122    0.135    40.413   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.032    0.026    0.038    10.347   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit6, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 29966
## Dependent Variable: wb.2
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,29954) = 160.125, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.056
## Adj. R² = 0.055 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.011    0.011     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.033    0.020    0.046     5.105   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.032   -0.047   -0.017    -4.250   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.004   -0.019    0.011    -0.496   0.620
## f.21003.0.0               0.153    0.142    0.165    25.337   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.010   -0.021    0.002    -1.687   0.092
## angina.0                 -0.032   -0.044   -0.020    -5.213   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.009   -0.021    0.003    -1.511   0.131
## f.2443.0.0               -0.025   -0.036   -0.014    -4.344   0.000
## depr_l.0                 -0.134   -0.145   -0.123   -23.730   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.071   -0.083   -0.059   -11.836   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.025   -0.036   -0.013    -4.265   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit1_htn, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 107192
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,107181) = 1699.747, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.137
## Adj. R² = 0.137 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.006    0.006    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.054   -0.060   -0.048   -18.381   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.015   -0.022   -0.009    -4.773   0.000
## f.21003.0.0              -0.166   -0.172   -0.160   -54.939   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.048   -0.054   -0.042   -16.595   0.000
## angina.0                  0.083    0.077    0.089    26.248   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.035    0.029    0.041    11.153   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.042    0.036    0.048    14.221   0.000
## depr_l.0                  0.254    0.249    0.260    88.884   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.079    0.073    0.085    26.590   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.044    0.039    0.050    15.263   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit3_htn, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 45319
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,45308) = 529.495, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.105
## Adj. R² = 0.104 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.009    0.009    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.041    0.032    0.050     8.975   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.010    0.000    0.020     2.023   0.043
## f.21003.0.0               0.202    0.192    0.211    42.734   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.007   -0.016    0.002    -1.613   0.107
## angina.0                 -0.065   -0.075   -0.055   -13.203   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.037   -0.046   -0.027    -7.603   0.000
## f.2443.0.0               -0.058   -0.067   -0.049   -12.487   0.000
## depr_l.0                 -0.163   -0.172   -0.154   -36.432   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.087   -0.096   -0.078   -18.653   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.041   -0.050   -0.032    -8.971   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit7, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 91000 (411494 missing obs. deleted)
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(34,90965) = 449.193, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.144
## Adj. R² = 0.143 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 35 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                           Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                              1.967    1.841    2.093    30.665   0.000
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace                      -0.067   -0.180    0.047    -1.148   0.251
## inhibitor                                                                         
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor             0.027   -0.186    0.240     0.250   0.803
## + diuretic                                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor            -0.110   -0.247    0.028    -1.560   0.119
## + thiazid                                                                         
## htnmeds_ctgry.0aldosteron                0.069   -0.094    0.231     0.827   0.408
## antagonist                                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha1                   -0.024   -0.140    0.092    -0.404   0.686
## blocker                                                                           
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha2                    0.024   -0.098    0.146     0.384   0.701
## agonist                                                                           
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker              -0.048   -0.162    0.066    -0.821   0.412
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker +            -0.047   -0.170    0.075    -0.758   0.448
## thiazid                                                                           
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta and                 -0.104   -0.288    0.081    -1.102   0.270
## alpha1 blocker                                                                    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta                     -0.012   -0.126    0.102    -0.207   0.836
## blocker                                                                           
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker             -0.000   -0.129    0.128    -0.008   0.994
## + thiazid                                                                         
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium                  -0.035   -0.148    0.079    -0.603   0.547
## antagonist                                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium                  -0.216   -0.499    0.068    -1.492   0.136
## antagonist + ace inhibitor                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0diuretic                 -0.039   -0.157    0.078    -0.654   0.513
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop                      0.100   -0.016    0.217     1.690   0.091
## diuretic                                                                          
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic            -0.077   -0.273    0.118    -0.773   0.440
## + diuretic                                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0nitrate                   0.082   -0.036    0.200     1.363   0.173
## htnmeds_ctgry.0no agonist               -0.081   -0.320    0.157    -0.667   0.505
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase3       -0.003   -0.286    0.281    -0.020   0.984
## inhibitor                                                                         
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase5        0.040   -0.078    0.159     0.666   0.505
## inhibitor                                                                         
## htnmeds_ctgry.0synthetic                -0.096   -0.408    0.216    -0.602   0.547
## amino acid                                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide                 -0.068   -0.182    0.045    -1.176   0.240
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide +               -0.048   -0.183    0.087    -0.698   0.485
## other diuretic                                                                    
## mean_sbp.0                              -0.001   -0.002   -0.001   -14.474   0.000
## high_bp.0                                0.010   -0.001    0.020     1.812   0.070
## htn_meds_count.0                         0.008    0.004    0.013     3.726   0.000
## f.21003.0.0                             -0.014   -0.015   -0.014   -50.846   0.000
## f.31.0.0                                -0.068   -0.076   -0.061   -19.093   0.000
## angina.0                                 0.146    0.134    0.158    24.216   0.000
## heartattack.0                            0.044    0.031    0.057     6.537   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                               0.063    0.053    0.072    12.892   0.000
## depr_l.0                                 0.587    0.573    0.601    82.577   0.000
## f.21001.0.0                              0.008    0.007    0.009    23.351   0.000
## mean_hr.0                                0.002    0.002    0.002    14.994   0.000
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit8, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 39225 (463269 missing obs. deleted)
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(34,39190) = 130.848, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.102
## Adj. R² = 0.101 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 35 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                           Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                              3.869    3.701    4.037    45.148   0.000
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace                       0.049   -0.094    0.192     0.672   0.502
## inhibitor                                                                         
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor            -0.197   -0.533    0.139    -1.147   0.251
## + diuretic                                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0ace inhibitor             0.121   -0.079    0.321     1.188   0.235
## + thiazid                                                                         
## htnmeds_ctgry.0aldosteron               -0.261   -0.502   -0.020    -2.123   0.034
## antagonist                                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha1                    0.018   -0.131    0.166     0.237   0.813
## blocker                                                                           
## htnmeds_ctgry.0alpha2                    0.065   -0.096    0.225     0.790   0.429
## agonist                                                                           
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker               0.039   -0.104    0.183     0.538   0.591
## htnmeds_ctgry.0at1 blocker +             0.023   -0.139    0.185     0.282   0.778
## thiazid                                                                           
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta and                  0.347    0.029    0.664     2.142   0.032
## alpha1 blocker                                                                    
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta                      0.002   -0.141    0.144     0.024   0.981
## blocker                                                                           
## htnmeds_ctgry.0beta blocker             -0.043   -0.217    0.130    -0.492   0.623
## + thiazid                                                                         
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium                   0.012   -0.131    0.154     0.162   0.871
## antagonist                                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0calcium                   0.184   -0.230    0.598     0.872   0.383
## antagonist + ace inhibitor                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0diuretic                  0.002   -0.148    0.152     0.025   0.980
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop                     -0.067   -0.217    0.082    -0.884   0.377
## diuretic                                                                          
## htnmeds_ctgry.0loop diuretic            -0.122   -0.449    0.204    -0.735   0.463
## + diuretic                                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0nitrate                  -0.041   -0.194    0.113    -0.520   0.603
## htnmeds_ctgry.0no agonist               -0.035   -0.410    0.341    -0.180   0.857
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase3        0.245   -0.323    0.813     0.846   0.398
## inhibitor                                                                         
## htnmeds_ctgry.0phosphodiesterase5       -0.021   -0.175    0.132    -0.274   0.784
## inhibitor                                                                         
## htnmeds_ctgry.0synthetic                 0.003   -0.468    0.474     0.011   0.991
## amino acid                                                                        
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide                  0.058   -0.085    0.201     0.795   0.427
## htnmeds_ctgry.0thiazide +                0.129   -0.059    0.317     1.345   0.179
## other diuretic                                                                    
## mean_sbp.0                               0.001    0.001    0.002     8.856   0.000
## high_bp.0                               -0.028   -0.045   -0.011    -3.222   0.001
## htn_meds_count.0                        -0.010   -0.018   -0.003    -2.786   0.005
## f.21003.0.0                              0.018    0.017    0.019    38.542   0.000
## f.31.0.0                                 0.008   -0.004    0.020     1.334   0.182
## angina.0                                -0.125   -0.145   -0.105   -12.286   0.000
## heartattack.0                           -0.067   -0.090   -0.045    -5.933   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                              -0.095   -0.110   -0.080   -12.303   0.000
## depr_l.0                                -0.395   -0.419   -0.371   -32.861   0.000
## f.21001.0.0                             -0.008   -0.009   -0.007   -14.402   0.000
## mean_hr.0                               -0.002   -0.002   -0.002    -8.151   0.000
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit77, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 28722 (473772 missing obs. deleted)
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(16,28705) = 227.744, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.113
## Adj. R² = 0.112 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 17 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                      Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## -------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                         2.420    2.123    2.716    16.006   0.000
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective          -0.250   -0.513    0.013    -1.863   0.062
## serotonin reuptake inhibitor                                                 
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective          -0.176   -0.441    0.090    -1.298   0.194
## serotonin-noradrelin reuptake                                                
## inhibitor                                                                    
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective          -0.134   -0.403    0.135    -0.977   0.329
## serotonin-noradrenalin                                                       
## reuptake inhibitor                                                           
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic          -0.296   -0.558   -0.033    -2.205   0.027
## antidepressant                                                               
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective        -0.354   -0.623   -0.084    -2.572   0.010
## reuptake inhibitor                                                           
## mean_sbp.0                         -0.002   -0.002   -0.001    -6.540   0.000
## high_bp.0                           0.071    0.048    0.095     6.004   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0                   -0.005   -0.017    0.007    -0.874   0.382
## f.21003.0.0                        -0.019   -0.021   -0.018   -31.788   0.000
## f.31.0.0                            0.079    0.060    0.098     8.231   0.000
## angina.0                            0.229    0.185    0.272    10.297   0.000
## heartattack.0                       0.121    0.065    0.176     4.292   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                          0.051    0.020    0.083     3.212   0.001
## depr_l.0                            0.276    0.257    0.295    28.816   0.000
## f.21001.0.0                         0.012    0.011    0.014    14.737   0.000
## mean_hr.0                           0.004    0.003    0.005    10.561   0.000
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit88, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 12046 (490448 missing obs. deleted)
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(16,12029) = 104.843, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.122
## Adj. R² = 0.121 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 17 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                      Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## -------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                         3.827    3.412    4.242    18.072   0.000
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective           0.058   -0.312    0.429     0.309   0.758
## serotonin reuptake inhibitor                                                 
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective          -0.058   -0.432    0.316    -0.303   0.762
## serotonin-noradrelin reuptake                                                
## inhibitor                                                                    
## deprmeds_ctgry.0selective          -0.060   -0.441    0.321    -0.310   0.757
## serotonin-noradrenalin                                                       
## reuptake inhibitor                                                           
## deprmeds_ctgry.0tricyclic           0.010   -0.360    0.381     0.055   0.956
## antidepressant                                                               
## deprmeds_ctgry.0unselective         0.001   -0.385    0.387     0.006   0.995
## reuptake inhibitor                                                           
## mean_sbp.0                          0.002    0.001    0.002     4.322   0.000
## high_bp.0                          -0.100   -0.133   -0.068    -6.073   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0                    0.015   -0.002    0.031     1.743   0.081
## f.21003.0.0                         0.021    0.020    0.023    25.608   0.000
## f.31.0.0                           -0.148   -0.174   -0.122   -11.183   0.000
## angina.0                           -0.150   -0.211   -0.090    -4.859   0.000
## heartattack.0                      -0.120   -0.197   -0.043    -3.067   0.002
## f.2443.0.0                         -0.091   -0.133   -0.050    -4.295   0.000
## depr_l.0                           -0.208   -0.234   -0.182   -15.698   0.000
## f.21001.0.0                        -0.012   -0.014   -0.010   -10.323   0.000
## mean_hr.0                          -0.003   -0.004   -0.002    -5.061   0.000
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_depr_meds0, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 275049
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,275037) = 1745.119, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.065
## Adj. R² = 0.065 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.004    0.004    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.064   -0.068   -0.060   -30.800   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.046    0.042    0.051    19.130   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.013   -0.018   -0.008    -5.063   0.000
## f.21003.0.0              -0.160   -0.164   -0.156   -79.728   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.053   -0.057   -0.049   -27.890   0.000
## angina.0                  0.061    0.057    0.065    30.137   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.022    0.018    0.026    10.735   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.027    0.023    0.031    14.159   0.000
## depr_l.0                  0.128    0.125    0.132    69.395   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.066    0.062    0.070    33.395   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.043    0.040    0.047    22.798   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_depr_meds1, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 28722
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,28710) = 324.362, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.111
## Adj. R² = 0.110 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.011    0.011    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.042   -0.055   -0.030    -6.845   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.045    0.030    0.059     6.109   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.009   -0.025    0.007    -1.138   0.255
## f.21003.0.0              -0.197   -0.209   -0.185   -32.289   0.000
## f.31.0.0                  0.049    0.037    0.060     8.480   0.000
## angina.0                  0.067    0.054    0.079    10.267   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.028    0.015    0.040     4.404   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.020    0.008    0.031     3.336   0.001
## depr_l.0                  0.191    0.179    0.202    33.425   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.091    0.079    0.103    15.161   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.060    0.048    0.071    10.345   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_wb_depr_meds0, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 117830
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,117818) = 671.624, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.059
## Adj. R² = 0.059 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.006    0.006    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.056    0.050    0.062    17.632   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.057   -0.064   -0.050   -15.274   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.009    0.002    0.017     2.365   0.018
## f.21003.0.0               0.175    0.169    0.181    57.016   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.025   -0.031   -0.020    -8.712   0.000
## angina.0                 -0.048   -0.054   -0.042   -15.671   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.023   -0.029   -0.017    -7.583   0.000
## f.2443.0.0               -0.037   -0.043   -0.031   -12.512   0.000
## depr_l.0                 -0.084   -0.089   -0.078   -29.508   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.077   -0.083   -0.071   -25.588   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.043   -0.049   -0.037   -14.702   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_wb_depr_meds1, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 12046
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,12034) = 149.676, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.120
## Adj. R² = 0.120 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.017    0.017     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.040    0.021    0.058     4.161   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.068   -0.090   -0.046    -6.015   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.019   -0.005    0.043     1.574   0.116
## f.21003.0.0               0.238    0.219    0.256    25.443   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.098   -0.116   -0.081   -11.193   0.000
## angina.0                 -0.047   -0.067   -0.028    -4.821   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.029   -0.047   -0.010    -3.033   0.002
## f.2443.0.0               -0.038   -0.056   -0.021    -4.246   0.000
## depr_l.0                 -0.140   -0.157   -0.123   -16.058   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.095   -0.113   -0.077   -10.233   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.058   -0.076   -0.041    -6.618   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_meds0, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 51698
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,51687) = 348.534, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.063
## Adj. R² = 0.063 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------
##                         Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)           -0.000   -0.008    0.008    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0            -0.080   -0.089   -0.070   -15.980   0.000
## high_bp.0              0.068    0.059    0.077    14.759   0.000
## f.21003.0.0           -0.147   -0.156   -0.138   -32.497   0.000
## f.31.0.0              -0.027   -0.036   -0.019    -6.225   0.000
## angina.0               0.044    0.035    0.052    10.211   0.000
## heartattack.0          0.009    0.000    0.017     2.034   0.042
## f.2443.0.0             0.001   -0.008    0.009     0.155   0.877
## depr_l.0               0.147    0.138    0.155    34.357   0.000
## f.21001.0.0            0.030    0.021    0.039     6.753   0.000
## mean_hr.0              0.035    0.026    0.043     7.931   0.000
## ----------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_meds1, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 252073
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,252062) = 4019.882, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.138
## Adj. R² = 0.138 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------
##                         Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)            0.000   -0.004    0.004     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0            -0.057   -0.061   -0.053   -27.614   0.000
## high_bp.0              0.027    0.023    0.031    13.350   0.000
## f.21003.0.0           -0.167   -0.171   -0.163   -83.967   0.000
## f.31.0.0              -0.043   -0.047   -0.040   -22.697   0.000
## angina.0               0.062    0.058    0.066    31.327   0.000
## heartattack.0          0.020    0.016    0.024    10.152   0.000
## f.2443.0.0             0.024    0.020    0.028    12.459   0.000
## depr_l.0               0.271    0.268    0.275   145.399   0.000
## f.21001.0.0            0.073    0.069    0.077    37.176   0.000
## mean_hr.0              0.055    0.051    0.059    28.900   0.000
## ----------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_wb_meds0, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 24076
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,24065) = 143.819, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.056
## Adj. R² = 0.056 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------
##                         Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)            0.000   -0.012    0.012     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0             0.067    0.052    0.081     9.165   0.000
## high_bp.0             -0.076   -0.089   -0.063   -11.281   0.000
## f.21003.0.0            0.154    0.141    0.167    23.138   0.000
## f.31.0.0              -0.056   -0.068   -0.043    -8.677   0.000
## angina.0              -0.032   -0.044   -0.019    -5.038   0.000
## heartattack.0         -0.008   -0.021    0.004    -1.306   0.192
## f.2443.0.0            -0.011   -0.023    0.002    -1.697   0.090
## depr_l.0              -0.084   -0.096   -0.071   -13.357   0.000
## f.21001.0.0           -0.064   -0.077   -0.051    -9.714   0.000
## mean_hr.0             -0.053   -0.065   -0.040    -8.185   0.000
## ----------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_wb_meds1, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 105800
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,105789) = 1098.492, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.094
## Adj. R² = 0.094 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------
##                         Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)           -0.000   -0.006    0.006    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0             0.053    0.046    0.059    16.145   0.000
## high_bp.0             -0.041   -0.048   -0.035   -12.943   0.000
## f.21003.0.0            0.190    0.184    0.196    60.407   0.000
## f.31.0.0              -0.028   -0.034   -0.022    -9.192   0.000
## angina.0              -0.050   -0.056   -0.044   -15.935   0.000
## heartattack.0         -0.023   -0.029   -0.017    -7.337   0.000
## f.2443.0.0            -0.037   -0.043   -0.031   -12.169   0.000
## depr_l.0              -0.172   -0.178   -0.166   -58.365   0.000
## f.21001.0.0           -0.079   -0.085   -0.073   -25.556   0.000
## mean_hr.0             -0.047   -0.053   -0.041   -15.649   0.000
## ----------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit9, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 281333
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,281322) = 1538.906, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.052
## Adj. R² = 0.052 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.004    0.004    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.069   -0.073   -0.065   -33.195   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.046    0.041    0.050    18.862   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.008   -0.013   -0.003    -3.101   0.002
## f.21003.0.0              -0.161   -0.165   -0.157   -80.816   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.061   -0.065   -0.057   -32.267   0.000
## angina.0                  0.067    0.063    0.071    32.896   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.023    0.019    0.027    11.630   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.029    0.025    0.033    15.193   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.074    0.070    0.078    37.646   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.052    0.048    0.056    27.401   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit10, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 22438
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,22427) = 160.708, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.067
## Adj. R² = 0.066 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.013    0.013    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.052   -0.066   -0.038    -7.194   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.045    0.028    0.061     5.317   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.006   -0.012    0.024     0.616   0.538
## f.21003.0.0              -0.182   -0.196   -0.168   -26.014   0.000
## f.31.0.0                  0.040    0.027    0.053     6.110   0.000
## angina.0                  0.056    0.041    0.071     7.467   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.021    0.007    0.035     2.881   0.004
## f.2443.0.0                0.024    0.011    0.037     3.515   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.089    0.075    0.102    12.791   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.092    0.079    0.105    13.863   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit11, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 120736
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,120725) = 674.920, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.053
## Adj. R² = 0.053 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.005    0.005    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.058    0.051    0.064    18.306   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.055   -0.063   -0.048   -14.979   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.006   -0.002    0.013     1.459   0.145
## f.21003.0.0               0.176    0.170    0.182    57.875   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.022   -0.027   -0.016    -7.516   0.000
## angina.0                 -0.050   -0.056   -0.044   -16.246   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.024   -0.030   -0.018    -7.944   0.000
## f.2443.0.0               -0.037   -0.042   -0.031   -12.521   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.081   -0.087   -0.075   -27.064   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.047   -0.053   -0.041   -16.236   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit12, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 9140
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,9129) = 106.392, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.104
## Adj. R² = 0.103 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%   t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.019    0.019    0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.059    0.037    0.081    5.280   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.082   -0.107   -0.056   -6.229   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.027   -0.000    0.055    1.937   0.053
## f.21003.0.0               0.237    0.216    0.258   22.100   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.096   -0.116   -0.076   -9.506   0.000
## angina.0                 -0.048   -0.071   -0.026   -4.305   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.025   -0.047   -0.003   -2.270   0.023
## f.2443.0.0               -0.049   -0.069   -0.028   -4.676   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.097   -0.118   -0.076   -9.076   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.082   -0.102   -0.062   -8.051   0.000
## ------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit13, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 95149
## Dependent Variable: phq9.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,95138) = 537.543, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.053
## Adj. R² = 0.053 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.006    0.006    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.052   -0.059   -0.044   -14.297   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.035    0.027    0.043     8.251   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.007   -0.016    0.002    -1.601   0.109
## f.21003.0.0              -0.152   -0.159   -0.146   -44.685   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.079   -0.086   -0.073   -24.269   0.000
## angina.0                  0.042    0.036    0.049    12.430   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.013    0.006    0.020     3.801   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.016    0.010    0.023     4.973   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.126    0.119    0.133    37.344   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.029    0.023    0.036     9.037   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit14, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 6941
## Dependent Variable: phq9.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,6930) = 56.812, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.076
## Adj. R² = 0.074 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.023    0.023    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.045   -0.071   -0.020    -3.471   0.001
## high_bp.0                 0.033    0.002    0.063     2.121   0.034
## htn_meds_count.0          0.013   -0.019    0.044     0.791   0.429
## f.21003.0.0              -0.166   -0.190   -0.141   -13.359   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.003   -0.027    0.020    -0.281   0.779
## angina.0                  0.019   -0.006    0.044     1.474   0.140
## heartattack.0             0.015   -0.009    0.040     1.223   0.221
## f.2443.0.0                0.029    0.005    0.052     2.384   0.017
## f.21001.0.0               0.176    0.152    0.201    14.066   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.057    0.033    0.080     4.764   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_d.0_excl0, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 244645
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,244634) = 3295.438, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.119
## Adj. R² = 0.119 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.004    0.004    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.063   -0.067   -0.059   -29.157   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.050    0.045    0.055    19.389   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.022   -0.027   -0.017    -8.603   0.000
## f.21003.0.0              -0.153   -0.157   -0.148   -74.018   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.048   -0.052   -0.045   -24.764   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.019    0.016    0.023     9.806   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.024    0.021    0.028    12.403   0.000
## depr_l.0                  0.255    0.252    0.259   133.562   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.074    0.070    0.077    36.364   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.046    0.042    0.050    23.679   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_wb.0_excl0, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 104930
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,104919) = 883.223, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.078
## Adj. R² = 0.078 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.006    0.006    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.058    0.051    0.064    17.141   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.064   -0.072   -0.056   -15.749   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.021    0.013    0.029     5.271   0.000
## f.21003.0.0               0.174    0.167    0.180    54.011   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.029   -0.035   -0.023    -9.657   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.018   -0.024   -0.012    -5.747   0.000
## f.2443.0.0               -0.039   -0.045   -0.033   -12.612   0.000
## depr_l.0                 -0.150   -0.156   -0.145   -50.395   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.082   -0.089   -0.076   -26.080   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.044   -0.050   -0.038   -14.384   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_d.0_excl1, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 59126
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,59115) = 1034.164, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.149
## Adj. R² = 0.149 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.007    0.007    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.055   -0.063   -0.047   -13.307   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.037    0.028    0.046     7.967   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.028    0.018    0.038     5.471   0.000
## f.21003.0.0              -0.174   -0.182   -0.166   -42.048   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.033   -0.041   -0.025    -8.330   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.042    0.034    0.050    10.121   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.040    0.032    0.047     9.828   0.000
## depr_l.0                  0.280    0.272    0.287    72.976   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.069    0.061    0.077    16.872   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.070    0.063    0.078    17.974   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_wb.0_excl1, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 24946
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,24935) = 326.542, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.116
## Adj. R² = 0.115 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.012    0.012     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.046    0.033    0.059     7.058   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.045   -0.060   -0.031    -6.201   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.024   -0.040   -0.009    -3.049   0.002
## f.21003.0.0               0.203    0.191    0.216    31.229   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.031   -0.043   -0.019    -4.971   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.050   -0.063   -0.037    -7.727   0.000
## f.2443.0.0               -0.037   -0.049   -0.025    -5.874   0.000
## depr_l.0                 -0.201   -0.213   -0.189   -33.391   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.077   -0.089   -0.064   -11.976   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.064   -0.076   -0.052   -10.371   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_d.0_mock, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 24184
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(6,24177) = 193.698, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.046
## Adj. R² = 0.046 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 7 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                     Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                        0.005   -0.008    0.018     0.777   0.437
## mean_sbp.0                        -0.081   -0.096   -0.067   -11.012   0.000
## hypertension.2                     0.060    0.045    0.076     7.696   0.000
## f.21003.0.0                       -0.143   -0.156   -0.130   -21.551   0.000
## f.31.0.0                          -0.075   -0.088   -0.062   -11.542   0.000
## f.21001.0.0                        0.088    0.075    0.100    13.513   0.000
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2         -0.014   -0.026   -0.003    -2.445   0.015
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_d.2_mock, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 24316
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.2
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(6,24309) = 156.610, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.037
## Adj. R² = 0.037 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 7 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                     Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                        0.002   -0.011    0.015     0.257   0.797
## mean_sbp.0                        -0.061   -0.075   -0.046    -8.208   0.000
## hypertension.2                     0.052    0.036    0.067     6.573   0.000
## f.21003.0.0                       -0.135   -0.148   -0.122   -20.377   0.000
## f.31.0.0                          -0.072   -0.084   -0.059   -10.964   0.000
## f.21001.0.0                        0.079    0.066    0.092    12.177   0.000
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2         -0.005   -0.016    0.007    -0.809   0.419
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_wb.0_mock, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 9432
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(6,9425) = 74.191, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.045
## Adj. R² = 0.044 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 7 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                     Est.     2.5%    97.5%   t val.       p
## ------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------
## (Intercept)                       -0.006   -0.027    0.015   -0.592   0.554
## mean_sbp.0                         0.060    0.037    0.083    5.129   0.000
## hypertension.2                    -0.043   -0.068   -0.017   -3.283   0.001
## f.21003.0.0                        0.164    0.143    0.184   15.368   0.000
## f.31.0.0                          -0.029   -0.049   -0.008   -2.750   0.006
## f.21001.0.0                       -0.102   -0.123   -0.082   -9.817   0.000
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2          0.017   -0.001    0.036    1.813   0.070
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_wb.2_mock, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 25819
## Dependent Variable: wb.2
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(6,25812) = 164.282, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.037
## Adj. R² = 0.037 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 7 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                     Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                       -0.001   -0.013    0.012    -0.093   0.926
## mean_sbp.0                         0.052    0.038    0.066     7.196   0.000
## hypertension.2                    -0.058   -0.073   -0.043    -7.629   0.000
## f.21003.0.0                        0.158    0.145    0.171    24.489   0.000
## f.31.0.0                          -0.006   -0.018    0.006    -0.947   0.344
## f.21001.0.0                       -0.077   -0.089   -0.064   -12.173   0.000
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2          0.002   -0.010    0.013     0.293   0.770
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_d.0_mock_BPuncorr, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 24202 (291380 missing obs. deleted)
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(1,24200) = 0.562, p = 0.454
## R² = 0.000
## Adj. R² = -0.000 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 2 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%   97.5%    t val.       p
## ----------------------- ------- -------- ------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               1.328    1.322   1.334   428.097   0.000
## hypertension.2HTN         0.006   -0.010   0.022     0.749   0.454
## ------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_d.0_mock_BPcorr, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 24202 (291380 missing obs. deleted)
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(2,24199) = 175.475, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.014
## Adj. R² = 0.014 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 3 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
##                             Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ----------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                1.768    1.722    1.815    74.542   0.000
## mean_sbp.0                -0.003   -0.004   -0.003   -18.718   0.000
## hypertension.2HTN          0.065    0.047    0.082     7.383   0.000
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_wb.0_mock_BPuncorr, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 9444 (306138 missing obs. deleted)
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(1,9442) = 0.463, p = 0.496
## R² = 0.000
## Adj. R² = -0.000 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 2 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                             Est.     2.5%   97.5%    t val.       p
## ----------------------- -------- -------- ------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                4.547    4.535   4.558   770.479   0.000
## hypertension.2HTN         -0.011   -0.043   0.021    -0.681   0.496
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_wb.0_mock_BPcorr, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 9444 (306138 missing obs. deleted)
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(2,9441) = 34.021, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.007
## Adj. R² = 0.007 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 3 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                             Est.     2.5%    97.5%   t val.       p
## ----------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------
## (Intercept)                4.174    4.085    4.264   91.380   0.000
## mean_sbp.0                 0.003    0.002    0.004    8.220   0.000
## hypertension.2HTN         -0.063   -0.098   -0.029   -3.614   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_hariri_amy, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 24333
## Dependent Variable: f.25054.2.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(6,24326) = 115.085, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.028
## Adj. R² = 0.027 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 7 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                     Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                       -0.007   -0.020    0.007    -0.994   0.320
## mean_sbp.0                        -0.036   -0.051   -0.022    -4.938   0.000
## hypertension.2                    -0.034   -0.049   -0.019    -4.582   0.000
## f.21003.0.0                       -0.135   -0.148   -0.121   -19.927   0.000
## f.31.0.0                           0.070    0.058    0.083    10.782   0.000
## f.21001.0.0                        0.013   -0.000    0.026     1.948   0.051
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2          0.017    0.004    0.030     2.626   0.009
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_hariri_brain, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 24333
## Dependent Variable: f.25050.2.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(6,24326) = 219.275, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.051
## Adj. R² = 0.051 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 7 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                     Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                       -0.003   -0.016    0.010    -0.472   0.637
## mean_sbp.0                        -0.032   -0.046   -0.018    -4.413   0.000
## hypertension.2                    -0.030   -0.045   -0.016    -4.163   0.000
## f.21003.0.0                       -0.193   -0.206   -0.180   -28.901   0.000
## f.31.0.0                           0.063    0.050    0.076     9.765   0.000
## f.21001.0.0                       -0.057   -0.070   -0.044    -8.715   0.000
## mean_sbp.0:hypertension.2          0.008   -0.005    0.021     1.246   0.213
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_hariri_amy.2, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 25553
## Dependent Variable: f.25054.2.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(6,25546) = 127.741, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.029
## Adj. R² = 0.029 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 7 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                     Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                       -0.002   -0.015    0.010    -0.379   0.704
## mean_sbp.2                        -0.041   -0.054   -0.028    -6.160   0.000
## hypertension.2                    -0.030   -0.043   -0.016    -4.379   0.000
## f.21003.2.0                       -0.138   -0.151   -0.125   -20.737   0.000
## f.31.0.0                           0.071    0.059    0.084    11.293   0.000
## f.21001.2.0                       -0.002   -0.014    0.011    -0.265   0.791
## mean_sbp.2:hypertension.2          0.012   -0.001    0.024     1.858   0.063
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_hariri_brain.2, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 25553
## Dependent Variable: f.25050.2.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(7,25545) = 227.740, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.059
## Adj. R² = 0.058 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 8 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                     Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)                       -0.003   -0.015    0.009    -0.502   0.616
## mean_sbp.2                        -0.032   -0.045   -0.019    -4.855   0.000
## hypertension.2                    -0.014   -0.036    0.007    -1.291   0.197
## htn_meds_count.2                  -0.016   -0.037    0.005    -1.473   0.141
## f.21003.2.0                       -0.210   -0.223   -0.197   -31.913   0.000
## f.31.0.0                           0.062    0.050    0.074     9.953   0.000
## f.21001.2.0                       -0.072   -0.085   -0.060   -11.250   0.000
## mean_sbp.2:hypertension.2          0.015    0.003    0.028     2.455   0.014
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hospital records (HES) analyses

1. Descriptives and agreement with self-report

get coding from ukbiobank website: https://biobank.ndph.ox.ac.uk/showcase/coding.cgi?id=19

#install.packages("irr")
library(irr)
## Loading required package: lpSolve
### Hospital records (primary "f.41202." and secondary "f.41204." ICD10 diagnoses)
coding19 <- read.csv("schaare/bp_mood_prereg/data/coding19.tsv", sep = "\t")
# count frequencies of different diagnosis categories
hes.0 <- ukb %>% 
  select(starts_with("f.41204.0.")) %>% 
  gather(.) %>% 
  group_by(as.factor(.$value)) %>% 
  tally(.)
# match to the name of diagnosis
hes.0 <- hes.0 %>% 
  merge(coding19, ., by.x = "coding", by.y = names(.)[1]) %>% 
  arrange(n)
# save results
#write.table(meds.0, file = "/data/ukb_hes.csv", sep = "\t", row.names = F, qmethod = "double")

# plot the diagnostic categories with names (only the top 50)
# lollipop plot
hes.0 %>%
  filter(!is.na(meaning)) %>%
  mutate(meaning=factor(meaning, levels=meaning)) %>%
  tail(50) %>%
  ggplot( aes(x=meaning, y=n)) +
  geom_segment( aes(xend=meaning, yend=0)) +
  geom_point( size=1, color="orange") +
  xlab("ICD10 secondary diagnoses (top 50)") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_bw()

# any HES diagnosis for each participant
hes_subj.0 <- ukb %>% 
  select(f.eid, starts_with("f.41204.0.")) %>%
  mutate_at(., dplyr::vars(-f.eid), ~(!is.na(.)))

# find presence of any HES diagnosis per participant
hes_subj.0 <- hes_subj.0 %>%
  mutate(hes.0 = rowSums(.[,-1]))
hes_subj.0 <- mutate(hes_subj.0, hes.0 = ifelse(hes.0 > 0, 1, NA))

# add count to ukb data
ukb <- as_tibble(merge(ukb, hes_subj.0[-c(2:185)], by = "f.eid"))
ukb_lbl <- as_tibble(merge(ukb_lbl, hes_subj.0[-c(2:185)], by = "f.eid"))

# How many people have hospital records?
table(ukb$hes.0) # N = 340896, 161598 NAs
## 
##      1 
## 340896
### HTN: Agreement self-report and HES

# HTN diagnosis for each participant
hes_htn_subj.0 <- ukb %>% 
  select(f.eid, starts_with("f.41204.0.")) %>%
  mutate_at(., dplyr::vars(-f.eid), ~(match(., "I10")))

# find HTN diagnosis per participant
hes_htn_subj.0 <- hes_htn_subj.0 %>%
  mutate(hes_htn.0 = rowSums(!is.na(.[,-1])))

# add to ukb data
ukb <- as_tibble(merge(ukb, hes_htn_subj.0[-c(2:185)], by = "f.eid"))
ukb_lbl <- as_tibble(merge(ukb_lbl, hes_htn_subj.0[-c(2:185)], by = "f.eid"))

# compute inter-rater reliability
d <- subset(ukb_lbl, !is.na(hes.0))
table(d$hes_htn.0)
## 
##      0      1 
## 228342 112554
table(d$hes_htn.0, d$high_bp.0)
##    
##     No diagnosed HTN or unknown Diagnosed HTN
##   0                      199628         28296
##   1                       33741         78551
ct <- dplyr::select(d, hes_htn.0, high_bp.0)
ct <- drop_na(ct) # N = 340216
kappa2(ct) # Kappa = 0.583 -> moderate agreement
##  Cohen's Kappa for 2 Raters (Weights: unweighted)
## 
##  Subjects = 340216 
##    Raters = 2 
##     Kappa = 0.583 
## 
##         z = 340 
##   p-value = 0
### Depression: Agreement self-report and HES
# Depression diagnosis for each participant
hes_cols <- ukb %>% 
  select(starts_with("f.41204.0.")) %>% names()

# remove depression with psychosis
hes_depr_subj.0 <- ukb %>% 
  select(f.eid, starts_with("f.41204.0.")) %>%
  mutate_at(dplyr::vars(hes_cols), ~na_if(., "F323"))
## Note: Using an external vector in selections is ambiguous.
## i Use `all_of(hes_cols)` instead of `hes_cols` to silence this message.
## i See <https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/faq-external-vector.html>.
## This message is displayed once per session.
x <- data.frame(rowSums(hes_depr_subj.0 == "F320", na.rm = T))
x[,2] <- rowSums(hes_depr_subj.0 == "F321", na.rm = T)
x[,3] <- rowSums(hes_depr_subj.0 == "F328", na.rm = T)
x[,4] <- rowSums(hes_depr_subj.0 == "F329", na.rm = T)
x[,5] <- rowSums(hes_depr_subj.0 == "F330", na.rm = T)
x[,6] <- rowSums(hes_depr_subj.0 == "F331", na.rm = T)
x[,7] <- rowSums(hes_depr_subj.0 == "F332", na.rm = T)
x[,8] <- rowSums(hes_depr_subj.0 == "F334", na.rm = T)
x[,9] <- rowSums(hes_depr_subj.0 == "F338", na.rm = T)
x[,10] <- rowSums(hes_depr_subj.0 == "F339", na.rm = T)
x[,11] <- rowSums(x, na.rm=T)

hes_depr_subj.0 <- cbind(hes_depr_subj.0, hes_depr.0 = x[,11])

# find Depr diagnosis per participant
hes_depr_subj.0 <- mutate(hes_depr_subj.0, hes_depr.0 = ifelse(hes_depr.0 > 0, 1, 0))

# add to ukb data
ukb <- as_tibble(merge(ukb, hes_depr_subj.0[-c(2:185)], by = "f.eid"))
ukb_lbl <- as_tibble(merge(ukb_lbl, hes_depr_subj.0[-c(2:185)], by = "f.eid"))

# compute inter-rater reliability
d <- subset(ukb_lbl, !is.na(hes.0))
table(d$hes_depr.0)
## 
##      0      1 
## 322622  18274
table(d$hes_depr.0, d$depr_l.0)
##    
##     No diagnosed depression or unknown Diagnosed depression
##   0                             244101                14983
##   1                               9642                 7265
ct <- dplyr::select(d, hes_depr.0, depr_l.0)
ct <- drop_na(ct) # N = 275991
kappa2(ct) # Kappa = 0.324 -> fair agreement
##  Cohen's Kappa for 2 Raters (Weights: unweighted)
## 
##  Subjects = 275991 
##    Raters = 2 
##     Kappa = 0.324 
## 
##         z = 172 
##   p-value = 0

2. Depression outcome from HES

### prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, hes_depr.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0,
                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)

### HES depression
outcome <- "hes_depr.0"
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, hes_depr.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0,
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, 
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -0.8689 -0.2646 -0.2035 -0.1453  4.8256 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -1.842e-15  1.705e-03   0.000        1    
## f.21003.0.0   -3.266e-02  1.725e-03 -18.935  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -4.351e-02  1.733e-03 -25.110  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0       2.920e-02  1.831e-03  15.948  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  1.430e-02  1.827e-03   7.827 5.01e-15 ***
## f.2443.0.0     1.115e-02  1.753e-03   6.360 2.01e-10 ***
## f.21001.0.0    5.360e-02  1.759e-03  30.474  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      3.222e-02  1.747e-03  18.444  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9958 on 340892 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.008445,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.008425 
## F-statistic: 414.8 on 7 and 340892 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit2_hes <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit2_hes)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -0.9085 -0.2702 -0.2041 -0.1391  4.8902 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -2.017e-15  1.704e-03   0.000 1.000000    
## mean_sbp.0       -3.956e-02  1.920e-03 -20.608  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0         9.481e-03  2.238e-03   4.237 2.27e-05 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  8.250e-03  2.383e-03   3.461 0.000538 ***
## f.21003.0.0      -2.358e-02  1.852e-03 -12.733  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -3.917e-02  1.751e-03 -22.373  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0          2.531e-02  1.894e-03  13.361  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     1.059e-02  1.871e-03   5.660 1.52e-08 ***
## f.2443.0.0        7.846e-03  1.779e-03   4.411 1.03e-05 ***
## f.21001.0.0       5.599e-02  1.819e-03  30.779  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         3.464e-02  1.754e-03  19.745  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9951 on 340889 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.009794,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.009765 
## F-statistic: 337.2 on 10 and 340889 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit2_hes)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.268498         1.723945         1.955645         1.180631 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.055064         1.235423         1.204583         1.089335 
##      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.139237         1.059392
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit2_hes)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.00134025
# plot and nicer summary
summ(mdl_fit2_hes, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 340900
## Dependent Variable: hes_depr.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(10,340889) = 337.177, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.010
## Adj. R² = 0.010 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 11 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.003    0.003    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.040   -0.043   -0.036   -20.608   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.009    0.005    0.014     4.237   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.008    0.004    0.013     3.461   0.001
## f.21003.0.0              -0.024   -0.027   -0.020   -12.733   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.039   -0.043   -0.036   -22.373   0.000
## angina.0                  0.025    0.022    0.029    13.361   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.011    0.007    0.014     5.660   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.008    0.004    0.011     4.411   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.056    0.052    0.060    30.779   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.035    0.031    0.038    19.745   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
# forest plots
# main results from replication
cfs = c("Systolic blood pressure" = "mean_sbp.0",
        "Diagnosed hypertension" = "high_bp.0",
        "No. antihypertensive medication" = "htn_meds_count.0",
        "Age" = "f.21003.0.0",
        "Gender" = "f.31.0.0",
        "Angina pectoris" = "angina.0",
        "Heart attack" = "heartattack.0",
        "Diabetes" = "f.2443.0.0",
        "BMI" = "f.21001.0.0",
        "Heart rate" = "mean_hr.0")


plot_summs(mdl_fit2_hes,
           coefs = cfs, model.names = c("Hospital-diagnosed Depression"),
           legend.title = "Outcome",
           colors = "Qual1") + labs(x="Standardized Beta") + xlim(c(-0.1, 0.1)) +
                             theme(text = element_text(size=16),
                                    axis.text.x = element_text(size=14),
                                    axis.text.y = element_text(size=14),
                                   legend.position = "top"
                                   )

ggsave("forest_plot_hes_depr.0.png", width = 14, height = 5, device='png', dpi=600)

3. Cross-sectional model with HTN outcome from HES

### HTN from HES
### prepare data
dat <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, hes_htn.0, htn_meds_count.0,
                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)

# define predictors and covariates
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "hes_htn.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0",
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, hes_htn.0,
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0,
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))

# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.5356 -0.5959 -0.2749  0.3707  5.1654 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -7.828e-15  1.697e-03    0.00        1    
## f.21003.0.0   -1.690e-01  1.722e-03  -98.13   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -5.334e-02  1.728e-03  -30.86   <2e-16 ***
## angina.0       6.602e-02  1.821e-03   36.26   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  2.463e-02  1.816e-03   13.56   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0     3.176e-02  1.747e-03   18.18   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0       2.662e-01  1.707e-03  155.95   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    7.036e-02  1.753e-03   40.14   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0      5.221e-02  1.740e-03   30.01   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9352 on 303762 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1254, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1254 
## F-statistic:  5446 on 8 and 303762 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit1_hes <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit1_hes)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.5549 -0.5942 -0.2708  0.3685  5.1953 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -7.008e-15  1.691e-03   0.000        1    
## mean_sbp.0       -6.389e-02  1.862e-03 -34.307  < 2e-16 ***
## hes_htn.0         6.863e-02  2.053e-03  33.428  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -1.051e-02  2.167e-03  -4.849 1.24e-06 ***
## f.21003.0.0      -1.627e-01  1.851e-03 -87.898  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -4.750e-02  1.742e-03 -27.273  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0          5.826e-02  1.870e-03  31.162  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     1.781e-02  1.847e-03   9.641  < 2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0        2.431e-02  1.770e-03  13.733  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0          2.627e-01  1.704e-03 154.145  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       6.944e-02  1.811e-03  38.346  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0         5.436e-02  1.741e-03  31.229  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9321 on 303759 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1312, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1312 
## F-statistic:  4172 on 11 and 303759 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit1_hes)
##       mean_sbp.0        hes_htn.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.212669         1.473786         1.642198         1.198487 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.060615         1.222295         1.192932         1.095825 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.015419         1.146478         1.059254
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit1_hes)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.005799211
### well-being
outcome <- "wb.0"
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "hes_htn.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0", 
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, hes_htn.0, 
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))
# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.2972 -0.5988  0.0220  0.6339  4.1065 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    2.846e-16  2.656e-03   0.000        1    
## f.21003.0.0    1.886e-01  2.691e-03  70.079   <2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -2.475e-02  2.703e-03  -9.158   <2e-16 ***
## angina.0      -5.272e-02  2.825e-03 -18.663   <2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0 -2.639e-02  2.819e-03  -9.362   <2e-16 ***
## f.2443.0.0    -4.253e-02  2.731e-03 -15.575   <2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0      -1.673e-01  2.671e-03 -62.651   <2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0   -8.279e-02  2.741e-03 -30.205   <2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0     -4.938e-02  2.725e-03 -18.122   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.957 on 129867 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.08414,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.08409 
## F-statistic:  1491 on 8 and 129867 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit3_hes <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit3_hes)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -6.3392 -0.5939  0.0226  0.6295  4.1079 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       6.293e-16  2.648e-03   0.000    1.000    
## mean_sbp.0        5.361e-02  2.913e-03  18.401  < 2e-16 ***
## hes_htn.0        -6.769e-02  3.255e-03 -20.797  < 2e-16 ***
## htn_meds_count.0  4.449e-03  3.414e-03   1.303    0.193    
## f.21003.0.0       1.856e-01  2.895e-03  64.092  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -2.771e-02  2.718e-03 -10.194  < 2e-16 ***
## angina.0         -4.365e-02  2.900e-03 -15.051  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0    -1.842e-02  2.869e-03  -6.420 1.37e-10 ***
## f.2443.0.0       -3.455e-02  2.767e-03 -12.486  < 2e-16 ***
## depr_l.0         -1.645e-01  2.667e-03 -61.675  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -7.910e-02  2.839e-03 -27.862  < 2e-16 ***
## mean_hr.0        -5.071e-02  2.726e-03 -18.601  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9544 on 129864 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.08922,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.08914 
## F-statistic:  1156 on 11 and 129864 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit3_hes)
##       mean_sbp.0        hes_htn.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.210100         1.510497         1.661521         1.195105 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.053658         1.199286         1.173826         1.091547 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.014285         1.149124         1.059639
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit3_hes)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.005053682
# plot and nicer summary
summ(mdl_fit1_hes, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 303771
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,303759) = 4171.788, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.131
## Adj. R² = 0.131 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.003    0.003    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.064   -0.068   -0.060   -34.307   0.000
## hes_htn.0                 0.069    0.065    0.073    33.428   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.011   -0.015   -0.006    -4.849   0.000
## f.21003.0.0              -0.163   -0.166   -0.159   -87.898   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.047   -0.051   -0.044   -27.273   0.000
## angina.0                  0.058    0.055    0.062    31.162   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.018    0.014    0.021     9.641   0.000
## f.2443.0.0                0.024    0.021    0.028    13.733   0.000
## depr_l.0                  0.263    0.259    0.266   154.145   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.069    0.066    0.073    38.346   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.054    0.051    0.058    31.229   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit3_hes, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 129876
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,129864) = 1156.469, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.089
## Adj. R² = 0.089 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.005    0.005     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.054    0.048    0.059    18.401   0.000
## hes_htn.0                -0.068   -0.074   -0.061   -20.797   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0          0.004   -0.002    0.011     1.303   0.193
## f.21003.0.0               0.186    0.180    0.191    64.092   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.028   -0.033   -0.022   -10.194   0.000
## angina.0                 -0.044   -0.049   -0.038   -15.051   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.018   -0.024   -0.013    -6.420   0.000
## f.2443.0.0               -0.035   -0.040   -0.029   -12.486   0.000
## depr_l.0                 -0.164   -0.170   -0.159   -61.675   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.079   -0.085   -0.074   -27.862   0.000
## mean_hr.0                -0.051   -0.056   -0.045   -18.601   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
# forest plots
# main results from replication
cfs = c("Systolic blood pressure" = "mean_sbp.0",
        "HES Diagnosed hypertension" = "hes_htn.0",
        "No. antihypertensive medication" = "htn_meds_count.0",
        "Age" = "f.21003.0.0",
        "Gender" = "f.31.0.0",
        "Angina pectoris" = "angina.0",
        "Heart attack" = "heartattack.0",
        "Diabetes" = "f.2443.0.0",
        "Lifetime depression" = "depr_l.0",
        "BMI" = "f.21001.0.0",
        "Heart rate" = "mean_hr.0")


plot_summs(mdl_fit1_hes, mdl_fit3_hes,
           coefs = cfs, model.names = c("Depressive symptoms (baseline)", "Well-being (baseline)"),
           legend.title = "Outcomes",
           colors = "Qual1") + labs(x="Standardized Beta") + xlim(c(-0.2, 0.3)) +
                             theme(text = element_text(size=16),
                                    axis.text.x = element_text(size=14),
                                    axis.text.y = element_text(size=14),
                                   legend.position = "top"
                                   )

ggsave("forest_plot_hes.0.png", width = 14, height = 5, device='png', dpi=600)

Survival bias assessment using death records

# find first date of baseline and last date of follow-up
min(ukb$f.53.0.0, na.rm = T) # "2006-03-13"
## [1] "2006-03-13"
max(ukb$f.53.2.0, na.rm = T) # "2020-02-09"
## [1] "2020-02-09"
sum(!is.na(ukb$f.53.2.0)) # 47933 follow-ups
## [1] 47933
sum(!is.na(ukb$f.40000.0.0)) # 20442 deaths in total
## [1] 20442
min(ukb$f.40000.0.0, na.rm = T) # "2006-05-10"
## [1] "2006-05-10"
max(ukb$f.40000.0.0, na.rm = T) # "2018-02-14"
## [1] "2018-02-14"
x <- ukb$f.40000.0.0 > ukb$f.53.0.0 # 20442 TRUE meaning 20442 died before the follow-up
table(x)
## x
##  TRUE 
## 20442
x <- ukb$f.40000.0.0 < ukb$f.53.2.0 # 81 FALSE meaning 81 died after the follow-up

# check baseline, follow-up and death dates again of those 81
data.frame(ukb$f.53.0.0[!is.na(ukb$f.40000.0.0[x])], ukb$f.53.2.0[!is.na(ukb$f.40000.0.0[x])],ukb$f.40000.0.0[!is.na(ukb$f.40000.0.0[x])])
ukb.f.53.0.0..is.na.ukb.f.40000.0.0.x… ukb.f.53.2.0..is.na.ukb.f.40000.0.0.x… ukb.f.40000.0.0..is.na.ukb.f.40000.0.0.x…
ukb$f.53.2.0[!is.na(ukb$f.40000.0.0[x])] < ukb$f.40000.0.0[!is.na(ukb$f.40000.0.0[x])]
## logical(0)
# Are the 20442 who died different from the main sample? And how many of those have had HTN?
ukb$death.0 <- ifelse((ukb$f.40000.0.0 > ukb$f.53.0.0) == T, 1, 0)


dscrp <- dplyr::select(ukb, f.31.0.0, f.738.0.0, f.21000.0.0, f.2443.0.0, f.20116.0.0, f.1558.0.0, f.22040.0.0, f.54.0.0,
                       f.21003.0.0, f.21003.2.0, f.189.0.0,  
                       angina.0, heartattack.0, f.1200.0.0, education.0, ethn.0,
                       depr_l.0, mean_hr.0, mean_sbp.0, mean_sbp.2, mean_dbp.0, mean_dbp.2, 
                       f.21001.0.0, htn_meds_count.0, depr_meds_count.0, depr_c.0, depr_c.2, wb.0, 
                       wb.2, phq9.0, high_bp.0, high_bp.2, death.0)

dscrp$angina.0 <- factor(dscrp$angina.0, levels=c(0, 1), 
                         labels=c("No diagnosed angina or unknown", "Diagnosed angina"))
dscrp$heartattack.0 <- factor(dscrp$heartattack.0, levels=c(0, 1), 
                              labels=c("No diagnosed heart attack or unknown", 
                                       "Diagnosed heart attack"))
dscrp$depr_l.0 <- factor(dscrp$depr_l.0, levels=c(0, 1), 
                         labels=c("No diagnosed depression or unknown", "Diagnosed depression"))
dscrp$high_bp.0 <- factor(dscrp$high_bp.0, levels=c(0, 1, 2), 
                          labels=c("No diagnosed HTN or unknown", "Diagnosed HTN", 
                                   "P-value / Effect size"))
dscrp$high_bp.2 <- factor(dscrp$high_bp.2, levels=c(0, 1), 
                          labels=c("No diagnosed HTN or unknown", "Diagnosed HTN"))
dscrp$death.0 <- factor(dscrp$death.0, levels=c(0, 1), 
                          labels=c("Alive or unknown", "Died"))

# add meaningful labels
label(dscrp$f.31.0.0) <- "Gender"
label(dscrp$f.21003.0.0) <- "Age (years)"
label(dscrp$f.21003.2.0) <- "Age (years)"
#units(ukb$f.21003.0.0) <- "years"
label(dscrp$f.738.0.0) <- "Household income (£)"
label(dscrp$f.189.0.0) <- "Townsend deprivation index"
label(dscrp$f.21000.0.0) <- "Ethnic background"
label(dscrp$f.2443.0.0) <- "Diabetes"
label(dscrp$f.20116.0.0) <- "Smoking"
label(dscrp$f.1558.0.0) <- "Alcohol consumption"
label(dscrp$f.22040.0.0) <- "Physical activity (minutes/week)"
label(dscrp$angina.0) <- "Angina"
label(dscrp$heartattack.0) <- "Heart attack"
label(dscrp$depr_l.0) <- "Lifetime depression"
label(dscrp$mean_hr.0) <- "Heart rate (beats/min)"
label(dscrp$mean_sbp.0) <- "Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)"
label(dscrp$mean_sbp.2) <- "Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)"
label(dscrp$mean_dbp.0) <- "Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)"
label(dscrp$mean_dbp.2) <- "Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)"
label(dscrp$f.21001.0.0) <- "BMI (kg/m2)"
label(dscrp$htn_meds_count.0) <- "No. antihypertensive medication"
label(dscrp$depr_meds_count.0) <- "No. antidepressant medication"
label(dscrp$depr_c.0) <- "Current depressive symptoms"
label(dscrp$depr_c.2) <- "Current depressive symptoms (2nd follow-up)"
label(dscrp$wb.0) <- "Well-being"
label(dscrp$wb.2) <- "Well-being (2nd follow-up)"
label(dscrp$phq9.0) <- "PHQ-9 depressive symptoms (1st follow-up)"
label(dscrp$high_bp.0) <- "Diagnosed hypertension"
label(dscrp$high_bp.2) <- "Diagnosed hypertension (2nd follow-up)"


#descriptives
table1(~ f.31.0.0 + f.21003.0.0 + f.738.0.0 + f.189.0.0 + f.21000.0.0 + f.2443.0.0 + f.20116.0.0 +
         f.1558.0.0 + f.22040.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 + depr_l.0 + mean_hr.0 + mean_sbp.0 + 
         mean_dbp.0 + f.21001.0.0 + htn_meds_count.0 + depr_meds_count.0 + depr_c.0 + depr_c.2 + 
         wb.0 + wb.2 + phq9.0 + high_bp.0 | death.0, data=dscrp)
Died
(N=20442)
Overall
(N=502494)
Gender
Female 8116 (39.7%) 273378 (54.4%)
Male 12326 (60.3%) 229115 (45.6%)
Missing 0 (0%) 1 (0.0%)
Age (years)
Mean (SD) 61.4 (6.55) 56.5 (8.10)
Median [Min, Max] 63.0 [40.0, 70.0] 58.0 [37.0, 73.0]
Missing 0 (0%) 1 (0.0%)
Household income (£)
Prefer not to answer 2214 (10.8%) 49844 (9.9%)
Do not know 1265 (6.2%) 21304 (4.2%)
Less than 18,000 6760 (33.1%) 97196 (19.3%)
18,000 to 30,999 4678 (22.9%) 108174 (21.5%)
31,000 to 51,999 2990 (14.6%) 110771 (22.0%)
52,000 to 100,000 1644 (8.0%) 86263 (17.2%)
Greater than 100,000 371 (1.8%) 22929 (4.6%)
Missing 520 (2.5%) 6013 (1.2%)
Townsend deprivation index
Mean (SD) -0.658 (3.42) -1.29 (3.10)
Median [Min, Max] -1.55 [-6.26, 10.9] -2.14 [-6.26, 11.0]
Missing 20 (0.1%) 624 (0.1%)
Ethnic background
Prefer not to answer 101 (0.5%) 1661 (0.3%)
Do not know 11 (0.1%) 217 (0.0%)
White 32 (0.2%) 570 (0.1%)
Mixed 3 (0.0%) 49 (0.0%)
Asian or Asian British 1 (0.0%) 43 (0.0%)
Black or Black British 0 (0%) 27 (0.0%)
Chinese 32 (0.2%) 1574 (0.3%)
Other ethnic group 132 (0.6%) 4558 (0.9%)
British 18449 (90.3%) 442575 (88.1%)
Irish 618 (3.0%) 13207 (2.6%)
Any other white background 498 (2.4%) 16332 (3.3%)
White and Black Caribbean 14 (0.1%) 620 (0.1%)
White and Black African 11 (0.1%) 425 (0.1%)
White and Asian 17 (0.1%) 831 (0.2%)
Any other mixed background 31 (0.2%) 1033 (0.2%)
Indian 174 (0.9%) 5951 (1.2%)
Pakistani 49 (0.2%) 1837 (0.4%)
Bangladeshi 9 (0.0%) 236 (0.0%)
Any other Asian background 30 (0.1%) 1815 (0.4%)
Caribbean 107 (0.5%) 4517 (0.9%)
African 77 (0.4%) 3394 (0.7%)
Any other Black background 1 (0.0%) 123 (0.0%)
Missing 45 (0.2%) 899 (0.2%)
Diabetes
Prefer not to answer 21 (0.1%) 404 (0.1%)
Do not know 81 (0.4%) 1280 (0.3%)
No 17592 (86.1%) 473479 (94.2%)
Yes 2700 (13.2%) 26399 (5.3%)
Missing 48 (0.2%) 932 (0.2%)
Smoking
Prefer not to answer 152 (0.7%) 2057 (0.4%)
Never 7567 (37.0%) 273517 (54.4%)
Previous 8542 (41.8%) 173051 (34.4%)
Current 4136 (20.2%) 52977 (10.5%)
Missing 45 (0.2%) 892 (0.2%)
Alcohol consumption
Prefer not to answer 48 (0.2%) 604 (0.1%)
Daily or almost daily 4682 (22.9%) 101768 (20.3%)
Three or four times a week 3825 (18.7%) 115435 (23.0%)
Once or twice a week 4681 (22.9%) 129289 (25.7%)
One to three times a month 1902 (9.3%) 55855 (11.1%)
Special occasions only 2801 (13.7%) 58006 (11.5%)
Never 2458 (12.0%) 40639 (8.1%)
Missing 45 (0.2%) 898 (0.2%)
Physical activity (minutes/week)
Mean (SD) 2450 (2740) 2650 (2710)
Median [Min, Max] 1520 [0, 19300] 1770 [0, 19300]
Missing 4872 (23.8%) 100122 (19.9%)
Angina
No diagnosed angina or unknown 15513 (75.9%) 358910 (71.4%)
Diagnosed angina 1883 (9.2%) 16117 (3.2%)
Missing 3046 (14.9%) 127467 (25.4%)
Heart attack
No diagnosed heart attack or unknown 15762 (77.1%) 363524 (72.3%)
Diagnosed heart attack 1634 (8.0%) 11503 (2.3%)
Missing 3046 (14.9%) 127467 (25.4%)
Lifetime depression
No diagnosed depression or unknown 16028 (78.4%) 346919 (69.0%)
Diagnosed depression 1368 (6.7%) 28108 (5.6%)
Missing 3046 (14.9%) 127467 (25.4%)
Heart rate (beats/min)
Mean (SD) 72.1 (12.8) 69.3 (11.2)
Median [Min, Max] 71.0 [33.5, 148] 68.5 [30.5, 173]
Missing 2305 (11.3%) 45528 (9.1%)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 142 (19.9) 138 (18.6)
Median [Min, Max] 141 [76.5, 254] 136 [65.0, 254]
Missing 2307 (11.3%) 45540 (9.1%)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 82.1 (10.8) 82.2 (10.1)
Median [Min, Max] 82.0 [36.5, 133] 82.0 [36.5, 148]
Missing 2305 (11.3%) 45528 (9.1%)
BMI (kg/m2)
Mean (SD) 28.2 (5.44) 27.4 (4.80)
Median [Min, Max] 27.4 [12.8, 74.7] 26.7 [12.1, 74.7]
Missing 328 (1.6%) 3105 (0.6%)
No. antihypertensive medication
Mean (SD) 0.852 (1.25) 0.403 (0.864)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 9.00] 0 [0, 9.00]
No. antidepressant medication
Mean (SD) 0.120 (0.346) 0.0784 (0.281)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 3.00] 0 [0, 5.00]
Current depressive symptoms
Mean (SD) 1.48 (0.599) 1.40 (0.528)
Median [Min, Max] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00]
Missing 2662 (13.0%) 53563 (10.7%)
Current depressive symptoms (2nd follow-up)
Mean (SD) 1.31 (0.393) 1.30 (0.438)
Median [Min, Max] 1.25 [1.00, 2.75] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00]
Missing 20372 (99.7%) 457846 (91.1%)
Well-being
Mean (SD) 4.37 (0.620) 4.46 (0.579)
Median [Min, Max] 4.40 [1.00, 6.00] 4.50 [1.00, 6.00]
Missing 14704 (71.9%) 330042 (65.7%)
Well-being (2nd follow-up)
Mean (SD) 4.58 (0.480) 4.63 (0.539)
Median [Min, Max] 4.60 [3.67, 5.60] 4.67 [1.00, 6.00]
Missing 20364 (99.6%) 454932 (90.5%)
PHQ-9 depressive symptoms (1st follow-up)
Mean (SD) 4.30 (4.82) 2.76 (3.70)
Median [Min, Max] 3.00 [0, 25.0] 2.00 [0, 27.0]
Missing 19852 (97.1%) 348149 (69.3%)
Diagnosed hypertension
No diagnosed HTN or unknown 12070 (59.0%) 365819 (72.8%)
Diagnosed HTN 8324 (40.7%) 135745 (27.0%)
P-value / Effect size 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Missing 48 (0.2%) 930 (0.2%)
# shortened descriptives, baseline
table1(~ f.31.0.0 + f.21003.0.0 + f.189.0.0 + mean_sbp.0 + 
         mean_dbp.0 + mean_hr.0 + f.21001.0.0 + f.2443.0.0 +
         angina.0 + heartattack.0 + depr_l.0 + htn_meds_count.0 + depr_meds_count.0 + 
         depr_c.0 + wb.0 + high_bp.0 | death.0, data=dscrp)
Died
(N=20442)
Overall
(N=502494)
Gender
Female 8116 (39.7%) 273378 (54.4%)
Male 12326 (60.3%) 229115 (45.6%)
Missing 0 (0%) 1 (0.0%)
Age (years)
Mean (SD) 61.4 (6.55) 56.5 (8.10)
Median [Min, Max] 63.0 [40.0, 70.0] 58.0 [37.0, 73.0]
Missing 0 (0%) 1 (0.0%)
Townsend deprivation index
Mean (SD) -0.658 (3.42) -1.29 (3.10)
Median [Min, Max] -1.55 [-6.26, 10.9] -2.14 [-6.26, 11.0]
Missing 20 (0.1%) 624 (0.1%)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 142 (19.9) 138 (18.6)
Median [Min, Max] 141 [76.5, 254] 136 [65.0, 254]
Missing 2307 (11.3%) 45540 (9.1%)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean (SD) 82.1 (10.8) 82.2 (10.1)
Median [Min, Max] 82.0 [36.5, 133] 82.0 [36.5, 148]
Missing 2305 (11.3%) 45528 (9.1%)
Heart rate (beats/min)
Mean (SD) 72.1 (12.8) 69.3 (11.2)
Median [Min, Max] 71.0 [33.5, 148] 68.5 [30.5, 173]
Missing 2305 (11.3%) 45528 (9.1%)
BMI (kg/m2)
Mean (SD) 28.2 (5.44) 27.4 (4.80)
Median [Min, Max] 27.4 [12.8, 74.7] 26.7 [12.1, 74.7]
Missing 328 (1.6%) 3105 (0.6%)
Diabetes
Prefer not to answer 21 (0.1%) 404 (0.1%)
Do not know 81 (0.4%) 1280 (0.3%)
No 17592 (86.1%) 473479 (94.2%)
Yes 2700 (13.2%) 26399 (5.3%)
Missing 48 (0.2%) 932 (0.2%)
Angina
No diagnosed angina or unknown 15513 (75.9%) 358910 (71.4%)
Diagnosed angina 1883 (9.2%) 16117 (3.2%)
Missing 3046 (14.9%) 127467 (25.4%)
Heart attack
No diagnosed heart attack or unknown 15762 (77.1%) 363524 (72.3%)
Diagnosed heart attack 1634 (8.0%) 11503 (2.3%)
Missing 3046 (14.9%) 127467 (25.4%)
Lifetime depression
No diagnosed depression or unknown 16028 (78.4%) 346919 (69.0%)
Diagnosed depression 1368 (6.7%) 28108 (5.6%)
Missing 3046 (14.9%) 127467 (25.4%)
No. antihypertensive medication
Mean (SD) 0.852 (1.25) 0.403 (0.864)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 9.00] 0 [0, 9.00]
No. antidepressant medication
Mean (SD) 0.120 (0.346) 0.0784 (0.281)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 3.00] 0 [0, 5.00]
Current depressive symptoms
Mean (SD) 1.48 (0.599) 1.40 (0.528)
Median [Min, Max] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00] 1.25 [1.00, 4.00]
Missing 2662 (13.0%) 53563 (10.7%)
Well-being
Mean (SD) 4.37 (0.620) 4.46 (0.579)
Median [Min, Max] 4.40 [1.00, 6.00] 4.50 [1.00, 6.00]
Missing 14704 (71.9%) 330042 (65.7%)
Diagnosed hypertension
No diagnosed HTN or unknown 12070 (59.0%) 365819 (72.8%)
Diagnosed HTN 8324 (40.7%) 135745 (27.0%)
P-value / Effect size 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Missing 48 (0.2%) 930 (0.2%)
# Assess cross-sectional associations in non-surviving sample 
### prepare data
dat <- ukb %>% filter(., death.0 == 1) %>% dplyr::select(., f.eid, depr_c.0, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0, htn_meds_count.0,
                     f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, 
                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
dat$f.31.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.31.0.0)
dat$f.2443.0.0 <- as.numeric(dat$f.2443.0.0)

# define predictors and covariates
predictors <- c("mean_sbp.0", "high_bp.0", "htn_meds_count.0")
covs <- c("f.21003.0.0", "f.31.0.0", "angina.0", "heartattack.0", "f.2443.0.0", "depr_l.0",
          "f.21001.0.0", "mean_hr.0")

### depressive mood
outcome <- "depr_c.0"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, depr_c.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0,
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0,
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))

# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.4124 -0.6174 -0.2680  0.3991  4.4730 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    9.033e-16  8.111e-03   0.000 1.000000    
## f.21003.0.0   -1.545e-01  8.254e-03 -18.717  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -4.078e-02  8.276e-03  -4.927 8.43e-07 ***
## angina.0       9.589e-02  9.113e-03  10.522  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0  2.119e-02  9.106e-03   2.327 0.019965 *  
## f.2443.0.0     3.757e-02  8.534e-03   4.403 1.08e-05 ***
## depr_l.0       2.613e-01  8.179e-03  31.953  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0    3.115e-02  8.393e-03   3.711 0.000207 ***
## mean_hr.0      9.194e-02  8.267e-03  11.122  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9345 on 13268 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1271, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1266 
## F-statistic: 241.6 on 8 and 13268 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit_dead <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_dead)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.3822 -0.6169 -0.2704  0.3982  4.4286 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       9.419e-16  8.086e-03   0.000 1.000000    
## mean_sbp.0       -7.311e-02  8.701e-03  -8.402  < 2e-16 ***
## high_bp.0         4.729e-02  9.981e-03   4.738 2.19e-06 ***
## htn_meds_count.0 -3.623e-03  1.132e-02  -0.320 0.749005    
## f.21003.0.0      -1.432e-01  8.484e-03 -16.876  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -3.654e-02  8.306e-03  -4.399 1.09e-05 ***
## angina.0          8.888e-02  9.506e-03   9.349  < 2e-16 ***
## heartattack.0     1.522e-02  9.387e-03   1.622 0.104876    
## f.2443.0.0        3.147e-02  8.667e-03   3.631 0.000284 ***
## depr_l.0          2.582e-01  8.164e-03  31.629  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0       3.201e-02  8.638e-03   3.706 0.000211 ***
## mean_hr.0         9.170e-02  8.271e-03  11.087  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9317 on 13265 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1327, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1319 
## F-statistic: 184.5 on 11 and 13265 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit_dead)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.157979         1.523603         1.961417         1.100890 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.055172         1.382143         1.347628         1.148955 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.019260         1.141122         1.046239
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit_dead)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.005329516
### well-being
outcome <- "wb.0"
dat_scaled <- data.frame(scale(na.omit(dplyr::select(dat, wb.0, mean_sbp.0, high_bp.0,
                                                     htn_meds_count.0, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, 
                                                     angina.0, heartattack.0, f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0,
                                                     f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0))))

# null model (only covariates)
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -4.9131 -0.5743  0.0398  0.6301  3.0832 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   -4.317e-16  1.365e-02   0.000  1.00000    
## f.21003.0.0    2.050e-01  1.388e-02  14.766  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0      -3.600e-02  1.394e-02  -2.583  0.00983 ** 
## angina.0      -7.896e-02  1.514e-02  -5.217 1.90e-07 ***
## heartattack.0 -1.490e-02  1.507e-02  -0.988  0.32296    
## f.2443.0.0    -7.196e-02  1.447e-02  -4.974 6.79e-07 ***
## depr_l.0      -1.615e-01  1.375e-02 -11.744  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0   -9.251e-03  1.417e-02  -0.653  0.51372    
## mean_hr.0     -6.756e-02  1.391e-02  -4.858 1.22e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9523 on 4856 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09453,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.09304 
## F-statistic: 63.37 on 8 and 4856 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# with predictors
mdl <- as.formula(paste(paste(outcome), paste(paste(predictors, collapse = " + "), 
                                              paste(covs, collapse = " + "), sep = " + "), 
                        sep = " ~ "))
mdl_fit_dead_wb.0 <- lm(mdl, data=dat_scaled)
summary(mdl_fit_dead_wb.0)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = mdl, data = dat_scaled)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -4.9608 -0.5844  0.0525  0.6281  3.1095 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      -4.386e-16  1.362e-02   0.000   1.0000    
## mean_sbp.0        6.320e-02  1.456e-02   4.342 1.44e-05 ***
## high_bp.0        -1.578e-02  1.689e-02  -0.934   0.3501    
## htn_meds_count.0 -4.013e-02  1.910e-02  -2.101   0.0357 *  
## f.21003.0.0       1.983e-01  1.430e-02  13.864  < 2e-16 ***
## f.31.0.0         -3.569e-02  1.400e-02  -2.549   0.0108 *  
## angina.0         -6.195e-02  1.584e-02  -3.912 9.28e-05 ***
## heartattack.0    -1.301e-03  1.546e-02  -0.084   0.9329    
## f.2443.0.0       -6.300e-02  1.466e-02  -4.297 1.77e-05 ***
## depr_l.0         -1.582e-01  1.374e-02 -11.521  < 2e-16 ***
## f.21001.0.0      -8.908e-03  1.460e-02  -0.610   0.5419    
## mean_hr.0        -6.839e-02  1.392e-02  -4.914 9.22e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9499 on 4853 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09975,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.09771 
## F-statistic: 48.88 on 11 and 4853 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
car::vif(mdl_fit_dead_wb.0)
##       mean_sbp.0        high_bp.0 htn_meds_count.0      f.21003.0.0 
##         1.142259         1.537679         1.965630         1.103108 
##         f.31.0.0         angina.0    heartattack.0       f.2443.0.0 
##         1.056465         1.351951         1.288613         1.158912 
##         depr_l.0      f.21001.0.0        mean_hr.0 
##         1.017071         1.149794         1.044271
# calculate delta adj. r squared
summary(mdl_fit_dead_wb.0)$adj.r.squared - summary(mdl_fit)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.004673925
# plot and nicer summary
summ(mdl_fit_dead, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 13277
## Dependent Variable: depr_c.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,13265) = 184.452, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.133
## Adj. R² = 0.132 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)               0.000   -0.016    0.016     0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0               -0.073   -0.090   -0.056    -8.402   0.000
## high_bp.0                 0.047    0.028    0.067     4.738   0.000
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.004   -0.026    0.019    -0.320   0.749
## f.21003.0.0              -0.143   -0.160   -0.127   -16.876   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.037   -0.053   -0.020    -4.399   0.000
## angina.0                  0.089    0.070    0.108     9.349   0.000
## heartattack.0             0.015   -0.003    0.034     1.622   0.105
## f.2443.0.0                0.031    0.014    0.048     3.631   0.000
## depr_l.0                  0.258    0.242    0.274    31.629   0.000
## f.21001.0.0               0.032    0.015    0.049     3.706   0.000
## mean_hr.0                 0.092    0.075    0.108    11.087   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
summ(mdl_fit_dead_wb.0, confint = TRUE, digits = 3)
## MODEL INFO:
## Observations: 4865
## Dependent Variable: wb.0
## Type: OLS linear regression 
## 
## MODEL FIT:
## F(11,4853) = 48.885, p = 0.000
## R² = 0.100
## Adj. R² = 0.098 
## 
## Standard errors: OLS
## Warning in row.names.provided && row.names == FALSE: 'length(x) = 12 > 1' in
## coercion to 'logical(1)'
## -------------------------------------------------------------------
##                            Est.     2.5%    97.5%    t val.       p
## ---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------
## (Intercept)              -0.000   -0.027    0.027    -0.000   1.000
## mean_sbp.0                0.063    0.035    0.092     4.342   0.000
## high_bp.0                -0.016   -0.049    0.017    -0.934   0.350
## htn_meds_count.0         -0.040   -0.078   -0.003    -2.101   0.036
## f.21003.0.0               0.198    0.170    0.226    13.864   0.000
## f.31.0.0                 -0.036   -0.063   -0.008    -2.549   0.011
## angina.0                 -0.062   -0.093   -0.031    -3.912   0.000
## heartattack.0            -0.001   -0.032    0.029    -0.084   0.933
## f.2443.0.0               -0.063   -0.092   -0.034    -4.297   0.000
## depr_l.0                 -0.158   -0.185   -0.131   -11.521   0.000
## f.21001.0.0              -0.009   -0.038    0.020    -0.610   0.542
## mean_hr.0                -0.068   -0.096   -0.041    -4.914   0.000
## -------------------------------------------------------------------

Linear Mixed Effects analysis

library(lme4)
## Loading required package: Matrix
## 
## Attaching package: 'Matrix'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:tidyr':
## 
##     expand, pack, unpack
## 
## Attaching package: 'lme4'
## The following object is masked from 'package:expss':
## 
##     dummy
# depressive symptoms
d_long <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, depr_c.0, depr_c.2, mean_sbp.0, mean_sbp.2, high_bp.0, high_bp.2,
                        htn_meds_count.0, htn_meds_count.2, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0,
                        f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
d_long <- unlab(d_long)

d_long <- d_long %>% 
  pivot_longer(
   cols = c(2:9),
   names_to = c(".value","assessment"),
   names_pattern = "(.*)(.)$",
   values_drop_na = FALSE)

d_long <- d_long %>% group_by(f.eid) %>% filter(n()>1)

# null model
lmeFit.p0 <- lmer(depr_c. ~ assessment + mean_sbp. + high_bp. + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long)

# full model
lmeFit.p <- lmer(depr_c. ~ assessment*mean_sbp. + assessment*high_bp. + mean_sbp.*high_bp. + htn_meds_count. +
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long)

anova(lmeFit.p0,lmeFit.p) # p=0.01367
## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)
npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
lmeFit.p0 17 464499.4 464680.4 -232232.7 464465.4 NA NA NA
lmeFit.p 20 464494.8 464707.7 -232227.4 464454.8 10.66692 3 0.0136703
#drop1(lmeFit.p, test="Chisq")


# test which interactions are significant
lmeFit.p0.1 <- lmer(depr_c. ~ assessment*mean_sbp. + assessment*high_bp. + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long)

anova(lmeFit.p0.1,lmeFit.p) # sbp*high_bp ns
## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)
npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
lmeFit.p0.1 19 464492.8 464695.0 -232227.4 464454.8 NA NA NA
lmeFit.p 20 464494.8 464707.7 -232227.4 464454.8 0.0010812 1 0.9737685
lmeFit.p0.2 <- lmer(depr_c. ~ assessment*mean_sbp. + mean_sbp.*high_bp. + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long)

anova(lmeFit.p0.2,lmeFit.p) # high_bp*time ns
## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)
npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
lmeFit.p0.2 19 464494.5 464696.8 -232228.3 464456.5 NA NA NA
lmeFit.p 20 464494.8 464707.7 -232227.4 464454.8 1.778753 1 0.1823026
lmeFit.p0.3 <- lmer(depr_c. ~ assessment*high_bp. + mean_sbp.*high_bp. + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long)

anova(lmeFit.p0.3,lmeFit.p) # sbp*time p=0.00116
## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)
npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
lmeFit.p0.3 19 464503.3 464705.6 -232232.7 464465.3 NA NA NA
lmeFit.p 20 464494.8 464707.7 -232227.4 464454.8 10.55262 1 0.0011602
# reduced full model to test main effect of HTN
d_long_2 = d_long[!is.na(d_long$high_bp.),]
lmeFit.p.1 <- lmer(depr_c. ~ mean_sbp.*assessment + high_bp. + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long_2)
# reduced null model
lmeFit.p0.4 <- lmer(depr_c. ~ mean_sbp.*assessment + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long_2)

anova(lmeFit.p.1, lmeFit.p0.4) # main effect HTN p< 2.2e-16
## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)
npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
lmeFit.p0.4 17 464849.2 465030.2 -232407.6 464815.2 NA NA NA
lmeFit.p.1 18 464492.5 464684.2 -232228.3 464456.5 358.6895 1 0
summary(lmeFit.p.1)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
## Formula: depr_c. ~ mean_sbp. * assessment + high_bp. + htn_meds_count. +  
##     f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 + f.2443.0.0 +  
##     depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 + (1 | f.eid)
##    Data: d_long_2
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 464638.7
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -4.1236 -0.4041 -0.1819  0.2529  5.6596 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  f.eid    (Intercept) 0.1578   0.3973  
##  Residual             0.1056   0.3250  
## Number of obs: 310796, groups:  f.eid, 304167
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                         Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)            2.027e+00  1.987e-02 102.013
## mean_sbp.             -1.842e-03  5.584e-05 -32.991
## assessment2           -1.797e-01  3.859e-02  -4.657
## high_bp.               4.785e-02  2.525e-03  18.946
## htn_meds_count.       -4.004e-03  1.361e-03  -2.942
## f.21003.0.0           -1.089e-02  1.282e-04 -84.957
## f.31.0.0.L            -3.737e-02  1.356e-03 -27.563
## angina.0               1.740e-01  5.232e-03  33.255
## heartattack.0          7.003e-02  6.015e-03  11.643
## f.2443.0.0.L          -2.513e-01  4.140e-02  -6.069
## f.2443.0.0.Q           5.233e-02  3.233e-02   1.619
## f.2443.0.0.C           1.528e-01  1.936e-02   7.896
## depr_l.0               5.545e-01  3.575e-03 155.108
## f.21001.0.0            7.962e-03  2.037e-04  39.088
## mean_hr.0              2.563e-03  8.390e-05  30.546
## mean_sbp.:assessment2  8.352e-04  2.802e-04   2.981
## 
## Correlation matrix not shown by default, as p = 16 > 12.
## Use print(x, correlation=TRUE)  or
##     vcov(x)        if you need it
# well-being
d_long <- dplyr::select(ukb_lbl, f.eid, wb.0, wb.2, mean_sbp.0, mean_sbp.2, high_bp.0, high_bp.2,
                        htn_meds_count.0, htn_meds_count.2, f.21003.0.0, f.31.0.0, angina.0, heartattack.0,
                        f.2443.0.0, depr_l.0, f.21001.0.0, mean_hr.0)
d_long <- unlab(d_long)
#d_long <- drop_na(d_long)

d_long <- d_long %>% 
  pivot_longer(
   cols = c(2:9),
   names_to = c(".value","assessment"),
   names_pattern = "(.*)(.)$",
   values_drop_na = FALSE)

d_long <- d_long %>% group_by(f.eid) %>% filter(n()>1)

# null model
lmeFit.p0 <- lmer(wb. ~ assessment + mean_sbp. + high_bp. + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long)

# full model
lmeFit.p <- lmer(wb. ~ assessment*mean_sbp. + assessment*high_bp. + mean_sbp.*high_bp. + htn_meds_count. +
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long)

anova(lmeFit.p0,lmeFit.p) # ns p=0.1452
## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)
npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
lmeFit.p0 17 228352.3 228519.4 -114159.1 228318.3 NA NA NA
lmeFit.p 20 228352.9 228549.5 -114156.4 228312.9 5.392157 3 0.145233
# reduced full model to test main effect of HTN
d_long_2 = d_long[!is.na(d_long$high_bp.),]
lmeFit.p.1 <- lmer(wb. ~ mean_sbp.*assessment + high_bp. + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long_2)
# reduced null model
lmeFit.p0.1 <- lmer(wb. ~ mean_sbp.*assessment + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long_2)

anova(lmeFit.p.1, lmeFit.p0.1) # main effect HTN p< 2.2e-16
## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)
npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
lmeFit.p0.1 17 228608.2 228775.4 -114287.1 228574.2 NA NA NA
lmeFit.p.1 18 228353.7 228530.7 -114158.9 228317.7 256.5365 1 0
summary(lmeFit.p.1)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
## Formula: 
## wb. ~ mean_sbp. * assessment + high_bp. + htn_meds_count. + f.21003.0.0 +  
##     f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 + f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 +  
##     f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 + (1 | f.eid)
##    Data: d_long_2
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 228486.9
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.6999 -0.3450  0.0117  0.3640  3.3112 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  f.eid    (Intercept) 0.21957  0.4686  
##  Residual             0.09339  0.3056  
## Number of obs: 137384, groups:  f.eid, 134504
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                         Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)            3.755e+00  2.455e-02 152.924
## mean_sbp.              1.712e-03  9.223e-05  18.568
## assessment2            1.619e-01  4.380e-02   3.697
## high_bp.              -6.649e-02  4.150e-03 -16.025
## htn_meds_count.        4.888e-03  2.239e-03   2.184
## f.21003.0.0            1.319e-02  2.093e-04  63.021
## f.31.0.0.L            -2.151e-02  2.221e-03  -9.688
## angina.0              -1.469e-01  8.709e-03 -16.872
## heartattack.0         -7.907e-02  1.001e-02  -7.901
## f.2443.0.0.L           1.986e-01  3.838e-02   5.176
## f.2443.0.0.Q          -6.991e-02  3.159e-02  -2.213
## f.2443.0.0.C          -1.438e-01  2.285e-02  -6.293
## depr_l.0              -3.761e-01  5.985e-03 -62.852
## f.21001.0.0           -9.436e-03  3.325e-04 -28.379
## mean_hr.0             -2.442e-03  1.391e-04 -17.553
## mean_sbp.:assessment2 -2.418e-04  3.180e-04  -0.760
## 
## Correlation matrix not shown by default, as p = 16 > 12.
## Use print(x, correlation=TRUE)  or
##     vcov(x)        if you need it
# reduced full model to test main effect of HTN
d_long_2 = d_long[!is.na(d_long$mean_sbp.),]
lmeFit.p.2 <- lmer(wb. ~ high_bp.*assessment + mean_sbp. + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long_2)
# reduced null model
lmeFit.p0.2 <- lmer(wb. ~ high_bp.*assessment + htn_meds_count. + 
                    f.21003.0.0 + f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 +
                        f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 + f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 +
                    (1 | f.eid), data = d_long_2)

anova(lmeFit.p.2, lmeFit.p0.2) # main effect SBP p< 2.2e-16
## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)
npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
lmeFit.p0.2 17 228702.9 228870 -114334.4 228668.9 NA NA NA
lmeFit.p.2 18 228352.0 228529 -114158.0 228316.0 352.856 1 0
summary(lmeFit.p.2)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
## Formula: 
## wb. ~ high_bp. * assessment + mean_sbp. + htn_meds_count. + f.21003.0.0 +  
##     f.31.0.0 + angina.0 + heartattack.0 + f.2443.0.0 + depr_l.0 +  
##     f.21001.0.0 + mean_hr.0 + (1 | f.eid)
##    Data: d_long_2
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 228477.9
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.7104 -0.3451  0.0118  0.3640  3.3060 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  f.eid    (Intercept) 0.21966  0.4687  
##  Residual             0.09331  0.3055  
## Number of obs: 137384, groups:  f.eid, 134504
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                        Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)           3.756e+00  2.447e-02 153.477
## high_bp.             -6.753e-02  4.209e-03 -16.046
## assessment2           1.233e-01  6.699e-03  18.410
## mean_sbp.             1.703e-03  9.058e-05  18.797
## htn_meds_count.       4.915e-03  2.239e-03   2.195
## f.21003.0.0           1.320e-02  2.093e-04  63.056
## f.31.0.0.L           -2.155e-02  2.221e-03  -9.706
## angina.0             -1.467e-01  8.710e-03 -16.846
## heartattack.0        -7.890e-02  1.001e-02  -7.883
## f.2443.0.0.L          1.988e-01  3.838e-02   5.181
## f.2443.0.0.Q         -6.984e-02  3.159e-02  -2.210
## f.2443.0.0.C         -1.438e-01  2.285e-02  -6.293
## depr_l.0             -3.762e-01  5.984e-03 -62.857
## f.21001.0.0          -9.430e-03  3.325e-04 -28.360
## mean_hr.0            -2.441e-03  1.391e-04 -17.548
## high_bp.:assessment2  1.855e-02  1.230e-02   1.508
## 
## Correlation matrix not shown by default, as p = 16 > 12.
## Use print(x, correlation=TRUE)  or
##     vcov(x)        if you need it